Table 2.

Patient Demographics by Treatment Group

	Conventional	IONM	p Value
Age, y	52.7 ± 15.8	52.3 ± 15.7	<0.001
No. chronic conditions	3.3 ± 2.3 [0-19]	3.6 ± 2.4 [0-16]	<0.001
No. diagnoses for stay	5.08 ± 3.89	5.66 ± 4.08 [1-30]; {5}	<0.001
Length of stay, d	2.35 ± 5.6 [0-239]; {1}	2.04 ± 3.02 [0-66]; {1}	<0.001
Race
White	67.9% (134521/198161)	70.6% (8098/11470)	<0.001
Black	14.1% (27884/198/161)	12.4% (1422/11470)
Hispanic	9.7% (19188/198161)	9.4% (1078/11470)
Asian	4.4% (8758/198161)	3.8% (435/11470)
Native American	0.4% (777/198161)	0.4% (48/11470)
Other	3.5% (7033/198161)	3.4% (389/11470)
Graves disease	4.4% (10136/230781)	4.0% (506/12746)	0.024
Thyroid malignancy	34.5% (79639/230781)	39.8% (5072/12746)	<0.001
Same-stay neck dissection	8.5% (19635/230781)	14.1% (1792/12746)	<0.001
Insurance
Medicare	27.0% (62124/230433)	25.4% (3241/12742)	<0.001
Medicaid	9.3% (21480/230433)	8.2% (1046/12742)
Private	57.1% (131649/230433)	60.4% (7695/12742)
Self-Pay	2.5% (5749/230433)	2.4% (302/12742)
No Charge	0.5% (1200/230433)	0.7% (87/12742)
Other	3.6% (8231/230433)	2.9% (371/12742)
Teaching hospital	61.4% (140317/228416)	64.5% (8105/12562)	<0.001
Bed size of hospital
Small	10.1% (23180/228417)	11.8% (1480/12563)	<0.001
Medium	20.3% (46290/228417)	20.3% (2553/12563)
Large	69.6% (158947/228417)	67.9% (8530/12563)
Urban hospital	92.9% (212242/228416)	96.45 (12113/12562)	<0.001
Region of hospital
Northeast	29.5% (68190/230781)	24.8% (3167/12746)	<0.001
Midwest	17.5% (40394/230781)	20.1% (2562/12746)
South	30.1% (69455/230781)	25.8% (3289/12746)
West	22.9% (52743/230781)	29.3% (3729/12746)
Year
2008	28.0% (64622/230781)	13.3% (1695/12746)	<0.001
2009	22.2% (51330/230781)	23.9% (3045/12746)
2010	25.7% (59213/230781)	30.2% (3854/12746)
2011	24.1% (55616/230781)	32.6% (4152/12746)
Total charge ($)	34,748 ± 63,400 [125-3,216,183]; {22,934}	36,275 ± 39,712 [3,027-900,714]; {28,738}	0.007
Total cost ($)	11,200 ± 17,856 [39-794,278]; {7,820}	11,409 ± 11,591 [834-264,686]; {8,933}	0.228