Table 4a.
Modeled Median ± SE biomarker concentrations for 1922 women by quintile of AHEI score component1
| Quintile of Food Intake
|
p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Vegetables (Servings/day) | 1.58 (0.44–1.98)2 | 2.30 (1.99–2.65) | 2.94 (2,65–3.26) | 3.67 (3.27–4.11) | 4.95 (4.11–22.47) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 13.78 ± 1.03 | 13.19 ± 1.03 | 13.81 ± 1.03 | 13.82 ± 1.03 | 14.24 ± 1.03 | 0.24 |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 12.16 ± 1.03 | 11.72 ± 1.03 | 12.26 ± 1.03 | 12.33 ± 1.03 | 12.72 ± 1.03 | 0.13 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.87 ± 1.04 | 4.42 ± 1.04 | 4.89 ± 1.04 | 4.74 ± 1.04 | 5.07 ± 1.04 | 0.28 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 3.99 ± 1.04 | 3.65 ± 1.04 | 4.03 ± 1.04 | 3.93 ± 1.04 | 4.18 ± 1.04 | 0.20 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.18 ± 1.03 | 16.89 ± 1.03 | 16.98 ± 1.03 | 16.25 ± 1.03 | 16.06 ± 1.03 | 0.06 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 18.98 ± 1.03 | 18.72 ± 1.03 | 18.97 ± 1.03 | 18.19 ± 1.03 | 18.04 ± 1.03 | 0.17 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 54.02 ± 1.03 | 51.11 ± 1.03 | 50.72 ± 1.03 | 51.72 ± 1.03 | 50.36 ± 1.03 | 0.24 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 60.46 ± 1.03 | 56.71 ± 1.03 | 56.71 ± 1.03 | 58.21 ± 1.03 | 55.23 ± 1.03 | 0.15 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.23 ± 1.08 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.23 ± 1.08 | 0.98 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.95 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 58.33 ± 1.07 | 60.13 ± 1.07 | 60.75 ± 1.07 | 57.88 ± 1.07 | 52.15 ± 1.07 | 0.25 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 62.83 ± 1.08 | 64.71 ± 1.08 | 65.76 ± 1.08 | 63.62 ± 1.07 | 55.40 ± 1.08 | 0.25 |
| Fruit (Servings/Day) | 0.90 (0–1.29) | 1.59 (1.29–1.84) | 2.12 (1.85–2.40) | 2.74 (2.40–3.18) | 3.77 (3.18–9.84) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 13.28 ± 1.03 | 13.88 ± 1.03 | 13.54 ± 1.03 | 13.46 ± 1.03 | 14.66 ± 1.03 | 0.10 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 12.09 ± 1.03 | 12.48 ± 1.03 | 12.20 ± 1.03 | 11.88 ± 1.03 | 12.58 ± 1.03 | 0.77 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.54 ± 1.04 | 4.89 ± 1.04 | 4.61 ± 1.04 | 4.67 ± 1.04 | 5.30 ± 1.04 | 0.06 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 3.90 ± 1.04 | 4.10 ± 1.04 | 3.89 ± 1.04 | 3.79 ± 1.04 | 4.11 ± 1.05 | 0.83 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.46 ± 1.03 | 17.44 ± 1.03 | 16.45 ± 1.03 | 16.52 ± 1.03 | 15.62 ± 1.03 | 0.003 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 18.89 ± 1.03 | 19.12 ± 1.03 | 18.21 ± 1.03 | 18.67 ± 1.03 | 17.95 ± 1.03 | 0.19 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 54.11 ± 1.03 | 54.02 ± 1.03 | 51.72 ± 1.03 | 49.15 ± 1.03 | 49.58 ± 1.03 | 0.01 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 58.51 ± 1.03 | 60.29 ± 1.03 | 56.94 ± 1.03 | 55.02 ± 1.03 | 56.54 ± 1.03 | 0.14 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.28 ± 1.08 | 0.21 ± 1.08 | 0.24 ± 1.07 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.18 ± 1.08 | 0.005 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.37 ± 1.08 | 0.30 ± 1.08 | 0.33 ± 1.07 | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.29 ± 1.08 | 0.12 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 57.97 ± 1.07 | 63.75 ± 1.07 | 62.44 ± 1.06 | 58.11 ± 1.07 | 48.28 ± 1.07 | 0.05 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 59.91 ± 1.08 | 69.32 ± 1.08 | 65.87 ± 1.07 | 63.78 ± 1.08 | 54.15 ± 1.08 | 0.21 |
| White to red meat ratio | 0.49 (0–0.68) | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 1.28 (1.06–1.56) | 1.98 (1.56–2.56) | 3.91 (2.57–21.98) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 13.24 ± 1.03 | 13.30 ± 1.03 | 14.14 ± 1.03 | 13.65 ± 1.03 | 14.52 ± 1.03 | 0.02 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 11.81 ± 1.03 | 12.05 ± 1.03 | 12.64 ± 1.03 | 12.09 ± 1.03 | 12.73 ± 1.03 | 0.08 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.69 ± 1.04 | 4.62 ± 1.04 | 4.82 ± 1.04 | 4.81 ± 1.04 | 5.05 ± 1.04 | 0.14 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 3.91 ± 1.04 | 3.91 ± 1.04 | 3.99 ± 1.04 | 3.92 ± 1.04 | 4.04 ± 1.04 | 0.57 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.41 ± 1.03 | 17.14 ± 1.03 | 16.57 ± 1.03 | 16.25 ± 1.03 | 16.03 ± 1.03 | 0.01 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 19.08 ± 1.03 | 18.85 ± 1.03 | 18.52 ± 1.03 | 18.16 ± 1.03 | 18.17 ± 1.03 | 0.12 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 51.53 ± 1.03 | 54.98 ± 1.03 | 52.61 ± 1.03 | 51.88 ± 1.03 | 47.02 ± 1.03 | 0.08 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 57.50 ± 1.03 | 60.08 ± 1.03 | 58.08 ± 1.03 | 57.95 ± 1.03 | 52.94 ± 1.03 | 0.03 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.25 ± 1.08 | 0.25 ± 1.07 | 0.21 ± 1.08 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.18 ± 1.08 | 0.08 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.36 ± 1.07 | 0.35 ± 1.07 | 0.29 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.29 ± 1.08 | 0.01 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 70.69 ± 1.07 | 60.52 ± 1.06 | 59.01 ± 1.07 | 51.15 ± 1.07 | 49.12 ± 1.07 | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 76.93 ± 1.07 | 63.81 ± 1.07 | 61.71 ± 1.08 | 54.62 ± 1.08 | 53.07 ± 1.08 | <0.0001 |
| Nuts and soy protein (servings/day) | 0.05 (0–0.09) | 0.14 (0.09–0.18) | 0.24 (0.19–0.30) | 0.40 (0.31–0.53) | 0.77 (0.53–3.84) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 13.44 ± 1.03 | 13.57 ± 1.03 | 13.84 ± 1.03 | 13.69 ± 1.03 | 14.31 ± 1.03 | 0.15 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 12.30 ± 1.03 | 12.26 ± 1.03 | 12.14 ± 1.03 | 12.03 ± 1.03 | 12.43 ± 1.03 | 0.14 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.61 ± 1.04 | 4.71 ± 1.04 | 4.80 ± 1.04 | 4.78 ± 1.04 | 5.10 ± 1.04 | 0.10 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 3.99 ± 1.04 | 3.97 ± 1.04 | 3.88 ± 1.04 | 3.86 ± 1.04 | 4.08 ± 1.04 | 0.91 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.69 ± 1.03 | 16.82 ± 1.03 | 16.43 ± 1.03 | 16.15 ± 1.03 | 16.21 ± 1.03 | 0.01 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 19.29 ± 1.03 | 18.47 ± 1.03 | 18.52 ± 1.03 | 18.16 ± 1.03 | 18.25 ± 1.03 | 0.14 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 54.43 ± 1.03 | 53.97 ± 1.03 | 48.62 ± 1.03 | 52.31 ± 1.03 | 48.71 ± 1.03 | 0.02 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 58.63 ± 1.03 | 58.97 ± 1.03 | 54.49 ± 1.03 | 58.43 ± 1.03 | 56.14 ± 1.03 | 0.36 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.25 ± 1.08 | 0.24 ± 1.08 | 0.21 ± 1.08 | 0.21 ± 1.08 | 0.20 ± 1.08 | 0.03 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.73 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 57.48 ± 1.07 | 62.67 ± 1.07 | 60.31 ± 1.07 | 58.92 ± 1.07 | 49.35 ± 1.07 | 0.14 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 59.60 ± 1.08 | 66.40 ± 1.08 | 66.23 ± 1.07 | 63.64 ± 1.07 | 54.78 ± 1.08 | 0.42 |
| Alcohol Intake (servings/day) | 0 (0–0) | 0.05 (0.02–0.07) | 0.14 (0.09–0.21) | 0.38 (0.23–0.62) | 0.97 (0.62–7.19) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 12.50 ± 1.03 | 13.03 ± 1.03 | 12.60 ± 1.03 | 15.18 ± 1.04 | 16.01 ± 1.03 | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 11.40 ± 1.03 | 11.84 ± 1.03 | 11.65 ± 1.03 | 13.33 ± 1.03 | 13.49 ± 1.03 | <0.0001 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.21 ± 1.03 | 4.45 ± 1.04 | 4.11 ± 1.05 | 5.44 ± 1.05 | 6.10 ± 1.04 | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 3.60 ± 1.04 | 3.80 ± 1.04 | 3.60 ± 1.05 | 4.41 ± 1.05 | 4.66 ± 1.04 | <0.0001 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.12 ± 1.02 | 17.36 ± 1.03 | 16.88 ± 1.03 | 16.72 ± 1.04 | 15.32 ± 1.02 | 0.002 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 18.85 ± 1.03 | 19.12 ± 1.03 | 18.43 ± 1.04 | 18.94 ± 1.04 | 17.47 ± 1.03 | 0.08 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 54.13 ± 1.03 | 53.19 ± 1.03 | 51.88 ± 1.04 | 48.29 ± 1.04 | 50.06 ± 1.03 | 0.007 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 58.76 ± 1.03 | 58.59 ± 1.03 | 56.28 ± 1.04 | 54.25 ± 1.04 | 58.97 ± 1.03 | 0.40 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.26 ± 1.07 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.26 ± 1.09 | 0.21 ± 1.10 | 0.17 ± 1.07 | 0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.35 ± 1.07 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.34 ± 1.09 | 0.30 ± 1.10 | 0.30 ± 1.07 | 0.16 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 57.30 ± 1.06 | 63.81 ± 1.07 | 55.68 ± 1.08 | 54.12 ± 1.09 | 58.66 ± 1.06 | 0.67 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 61.04 ± 1.07 | 69.39 ± 1.08 | 57.79 ± 1.09 | 58.23 ± 1.10 | 66.48 ± 1.07 | 0.95 |
| Polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio | 0.30 (0.08–0.34) | 0.38 (0.34–0.41) | 0.44 (0.41–0.47) | 0.51 (0.47–0.55) | 0.63 (0.56–1.99) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 14.01 ± 1.03 | 13.91 ± 1.03 | 13.71 ± 1.03 | 13.77 ± 1.03 | 13.47 ± 1.03 | 0.32 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 12.66 ± 1.03 | 12.43 ± 1.03 | 12.27 ± 1.03 | 12.24 ± 1.03 | 11.47 ± 1.03 | 0.01 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.96 ± 1.04 | 4.83 ± 1.04 | 4.83 ± 1.04 | 4.72 ± 1.04 | 4.66 ± 1.04 | 0.25 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 4.19 ± 1.04 | 4.03 ± 1.04 | 4.00 ± 1.04 | 3.90 ± 1.04 | 3.60 ± 1.04 | 0.005 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.71 ± 1.03 | 17.71 ± 1.03 | 16.78 ± 1.03 | 16.10 ± 1.03 | 15.22 ± 1.03 | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 19.37 ± 1.03 | 19.23 ± 1.03 | 18.68 ± 1.03 | 17.96 ± 1.03 | 17.41 ± 1.03 | 0.0008 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 54.38 ± 1.03 | 49.38 ± 1.03 | 55.25 ± 1.03 | 51.00 ± 1.03 | 48.47 ± 1.03 | 0.04 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 58.91 ± 1.03 | 54.62 ± 1.03 | 61.44 ± 1.03 | 56.65 ± 1.03 | 55.74 ± 1.03 | 0.45 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.24 ± 1.08 | 0.26 ± 1.07 | 0.23 ± 1.08 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.18 ± 1.08 | 0.0008 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.32 ± 1.07 | 0.36 ± 1.07 | 0.34 ± 1.08 | 0.31 ± 1.08 | 0.29 ± 1.08 | 0.10 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 57.49 ± 1.07 | 62.54 ± 1.06 | 60.51 ± 1.07 | 62.83 ± 1.07 | 47.07 ± 1.07 | 0.05 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 60.43 ± 1.07 | 66.98 ± 1.07 | 64.63 ± 1.08 | 66.46 ± 1.07 | 52.55 ± 1.08 | 0.20 |
| Trans-fats (% daily energy) | 1.09 (0.44–1.25) | 1.38 (1.25–1.48) | 1.59 (1.48–1.72) | 1.85 (1.72–1.99) | 2.20 (2.0–3.87) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 14.96 ± 1.03 | 13.85 ± 1.03 | 14.05 ± 1.03 | 12.84 ± 1.03 | 13.15 ± 1.03 | 0.0002 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 12.86 ± 1.03 | 12.23 ± 1.03 | 12.46 ± 1.03 | 11.65 ± 1.03 | 12.10 ± 1.03 | 0.05 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 5.20 ± 1.04 | 4.99 ± 1.04 | 4.98 ± 1.04 | 4.36 ± 1.04 | 4.49 ± 1.04 | 0.0008 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 4.06 ± 1.04 | 4.06 ± 1.04 | 4.07 ± 1.04 | 3.71 ± 1.04 | 3.90 ± 1.04 | 0.17 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 15.95 ± 1.03 | 16.76 ± 1.03 | 16.56 ± 1.03 | 16.60 ± 1.03 | 17.53 ± 1.03 | 0.04 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 18.27 ± 1.03 | 18.75 ± 1.03 | 18.49 ± 1.03 | 18.22 ± 1.03 | 19.09 ± 1.03 | 0.50 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 49.67 ± 1.03 | 49.63 ± 1.03 | 51.22 ± 1.03 | 53.62 ± 1.03 | 54.10 ± 1.03 | 0.01 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 56.86 ± 1.03 | 55.90 ± 1.03 | 57.491.03 | 57.98 1.03 | 58.76 ± 1.03 | 0.28 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.17 ± 1.08 | 0.23 ± 1.08 | 0.21 ± 1.08 | 0.25 ± 1.08 | 0.25 ± 1.08 | 0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.28 ± 1.08 | 0.36 ± 1.07 | 0.32 ± 1.07 | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.34 ± 1.08 | 0.28 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 52.38 ± 1.07 | 62.46 ± 1.07 | 57.32 ± 1.07 | 59.80 ± 1.07 | 56.95 ± 1.07 | 0.58 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 57.85 ± 1.08 | 67.67 ± 1.07 | 63.01 ± 1.07 | 63.26 ± 1.08 | 59.71 ± 1.08 | 0.98 |
| Cereal Fiber (gm/day) | 2.44 (0.10–3.07) | 3.58 (3.07–4.03) | 4.62 (4.05–5.20) | 5.90 (5.20–6.80) | 5.47 (4.55–9.70) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 13.36 ± 1.03 | 13.45 ± 1.03 | 13.68 ± 1.03 | 13.62 ± 1.03 | 14.73 ± 1.03 | 0.04 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 12.37 ± 1.03 | 12.00 ± 1.03 | 12.27 ± 1.03 | 12.11 ± 1.03 | 12.42 ± 1.03 | 0.84 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.56 ± 1.04 | 4.63 ± 1.04 | 4.72 ± 1.04 | 4.78 ± 1.04 | 5.32 ± 1.04 | 0.02 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 4.01 ± 1.04 | 3.85 ± 1.04 | 3.94 ± 1.04 | 3.93 ± 1.04 | 4.04 ± 1.05 | 0.79 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.16 ± 1.03 | 17.53 ± 1.03 | 16.92 ± 1.03 | 16.26 ± 1.03 | 15.57 ± 1.03 | 0.004 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 18.50 ± 1.03 | 19.25 ± 1.03 | 18.84 ± 1.03 | 18.18 ± 1.03 | 17.99 ± 1.03 | 0.22 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 54.53 ± 1.03 | 53.15 ± 1.03 | 52.66 ± 1.03 | 49.60 ± 1.03 | 48.08 ± 1.03 | 0.004 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 58.05 ± 1.03 | 59.38 ± 1.03 | 58.16 ± 1.03 | 55.48 ± 1.03 | 55.64 ± 1.04 | 0.14 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.26 ± 1.08 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.24 ± 1.07 | 0.22 ± 1.08 | 0.18 ± 1.08 | 0.006 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.34 ± 1.07 | 0.32 ± 1.08 | 0.29 ± 1.08 | 0.32 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 65.46 ± 1.07 | 58.31 ± 1.07 | 56.14 ± 1.07 | 59.69 ± 1.07 | 50.79 ± 1.07 | 0.09 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 65.46 ± 1.08 | 62.89 ± 1.08 | 59.74 ± 1.07 | 64.49 ± 1.08 | 57.32 ± 1.08 | 0.35 |
1
Model is the age- and energy- adusted median biomarker concentration per quintile intake of each component of the AHEI score, calculated by using the cumulative dietary data from 1984, 1986, and 1990.
2
Median; range in parentheses (all such values)
3
The multivariate model is adjusted for age, total energy intake, physical activity level, smoking status, and BMI