Table 5.
Modeled Median ± SE biomarker concentrations for 1922 women by quintile of free choline intake1
| Quintiles of Free Choline
|
p-trend2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 n=367 |
2 n=361 |
3 n=374 |
4 n=369 |
5 n=374 |
||
| Free choline, mg | 49.6 (21.9–57.6)3 | 64.2 (57.7–69.4) | 74.2 (69.5–80.1) | 86.8 (80.2–95.3) | 109.1 (95.4–273.7) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 12.70 ± 1.03 4 | 12.94 ± 1.03 | 13.73 ± 1.03 | 14.73 ± 1.03 | 15.19 ± 1.03 | 0.0008 |
| Multivariate adjusted5 | 11.48 ± 1.04 | 11.55 ± 1.03 | 12.29 ± 1.03 | 12.70 ± 1.03 | 13.18 ± 1.03 | 0.02 |
| HMW Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 4.37 ± 1.05 | 4.35 ± 1.04 | 4.63 ± 1.04 | 5.24 ± 1.04 | 5.58 ± 1.05 | 0.0005 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 3.69 ± 1.05 | 3.60 ± 1.05 | 3.89 ± 1.04 | 4.10 ± 1.04 | 4.42 ± 1.05 | 0.02 |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 17.84 ± 1.03 | 17.32 ± 1.03 | 16.15 ± 1.03 | 15.96 ± 1.03 | 15.82 ± 1.03 | 0.04 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 19.56 ± 1.03 | 19.24 ± 1.03 | 17.74 ± 1.03 | 18.06 ± 1.03 | 17.76 ± 1.03 | 0.08 |
| E-selectin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 53.57 ± 1.04 | 53.14 ± 1.03 | 53.04 ± 1.03 | 49.90 ± 1.03 | 47.82 ± 1.04 | 0.14 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 59.22 ± 1.04 | 59.92 ± 1.03 | 58.72 ± 1.03 | 57.45 ± 1.03 | 53.58 ± 1.04 | 0.18 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 0.27 ± 1.09 | 0.23 ± 1.09 | 0.24 ± 1.08 | 0.19 ± 1.08 | 0.18 ± 1.09 | 0.01 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 0.38 ± 1.09 | 0.34 ± 1.08 | 0.33 ± 1.08 | 0.30 ± 1.08 | 0.27 ± 1.09 | 0.05 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Age and energy adjusted | 59.15 ± 1.08 | 68.92 ± 1.08 | 56.04 ± 1.07 | 55.68 ± 1.07 | 51.97 ± 1.08 | 0.12 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 63.00 ± 1.09 | 75.40 ± 1.08 | 60.24 ± 1.07 | 62.22 ± 1.08 | 59.96 ± 1.09 | 0.08 |
1
Model is the age- and energy- adusted median biomarker concentration per quintile intake of each free choline, calculated by using the cumulative dietary data from 1984, 1986, and 1990.
2
P-trend from multiple linear regression
3
Median; range in parentheses (all such values)
4
Median ± SE biomarker concentration(all such values)
5
The multivariate model is adjusted for age, total energy intake, physical activity level, smoking status, and BMI