Fig 1. Sample locations for common wasps from the native (England and Belgium) and invaded range (New Zealand and Argentina).

Twenty adult V. vulgaris worker wasps were collected from each of the four countries. In some cases, multiple wasps were collected in the same area, but never from the same nest. For Argentina, the restricted sampling area represents the latitudinal limits of their distribution at the time of sampling in 2013. Common wasps are distributed throughout New Zealand.