Fig 5. Effects of TGF-β2, Y-27632 and SB203580 on nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in HTM cells.

HTM cells were pretreated with 10 μM Y-27632 (B, E) or 10 μM SB203580 (C, F) for 30 min, and then stimulated with 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β2 (D-F) for 24 h, immunolabeled with anti-Smad2/3 antibody (red), and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Cell nuclei were counterstained by DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm. (G) Relative expressions of nucleic Smad2 to its cytoplasmic expression are shown in the graph. Nucleic and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted, and the expression level of Smad2 was assessed separately. Data are shown as means ± SE, n = 5.