Table 2.

Change in Diabetes Process of Care by Study Arm and Practice Characteristic

Practice Characteristic		RAP	CQI	SD	Differential Intervention Effect*
Location	Rural	.78	3.11	.23	F(2,2352) = 26.06, p < .001
	Urban	.08	.67	.98
p value within arm		.006	<.001	.004
Size	<4 clinicians	0.59	2.49	0.76	F(2,2349) = 11.36, p < .001
	> = 4 clinicians	.03	.53	0.74
p value within arm		.02	<.001	.91
EHR	No	0.41	1.37	0.79	F(2,2352) = 0.26, p = .7720
	Yes	0.06	1.24	0.69
p value within arm		.17	.71	.62
% Medicaid	<20 %	0.23	1.51	0.92	F(2,2352) = 3.00, p = .0498
	≥20 %	0.43	0.76	0.32
p value within arm		.48	.08	.02
Practice Culture Assessment
Change Culture	Low†	.70	.28	.59	F(2,2349) = 6.74, p = .0012
	Medium†	.28	1.14	.76
	High†	-.16	1.99	.93
p value within arm		.048	.005	.22
Work Culture	Low†	.69	.13	.50	F(2,2349) = 9.07, p = .0001
	Medium†	.36	1.33	.84
	High†	.02	2.54	1.17
p value within arm		.18	<.001	.005
Chaos	Low†	.40	1.51	.87	F(2,2349) = 0.63, p = .5331
	Medium†	.28	1.13	.78
	High†	.11	.75	.69
p value within arm		.62	.11	.53

*Three-way interaction term (PC x arm x time) indicates that the moderator had a differential effect on outcomes over time across the intervention arms;

†for PCA scales, this represents change at the overall practice mean score and 10 points below and above the mean.

‡Covariates include age, gender, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities.