Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Women Included in Analysis
| Characteristics | Diet drink consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–3/month | 1–4/week | 5–7/week | ≥2/day | p value* | |
| N (%) | 38,337 (64.3) | 11,590 (19.4) | 6,702 (11.2) | 2,985 (5.0) | |
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 63.5 ± 7.2 | 62.3 ± 6.9 | 61.2 ± 6.9 | 59.5 ± 6.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Race (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| American Indian | 128 (0.3) | 28 (0.2) | 30 (0.4) | 13 (0.4) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1,401 (3.7) | 270 (2.3) | 130 (1.9) | 36 (1.2) | |
| African American | 2,559 (6.7) | 720 (6.2) | 387 (5.8) | 207 (7.0) | |
| Hispanic | 1,282 (3.4) | 363 (3.1) | 207 (3.1) | 98 (3.3) | |
| White | 32,418 (84.8) | 10,068 (87.1) | 5880 (88.0) | 2601 (87.4) | |
| Other | 441 (1.2) | 109 (0.9) | 49 (0.7) | 22 (0.7) | |
| Education (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| < High school, High school | 10,498 (27.6) | 3,426 (29.8) | 1,936 (29.1) | 893 (30.2) | |
| Some college | 9,905 (26.0) | 3,009 (26.2) | 1,808 (27.2) | 838 (28.3) | |
| College graduate, > College | 17,656 (46.4) | 5,069 (44.1) | 2,899 (43.6) | 1,228 (41.5) | |
| Income in dollars (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| < 35,000 | 12,759 (35.8) | 3,631 (33.5) | 1,902 (30.2) | 925 (32.9) | |
| 35,000– < 75,000 | 14,852 (41.7) | 4,643 (42.9) | 2,772 (44.0) | 1,193 (42.4) | |
| ≥ 75,000 | 8,009 (22.5) | 2,551 (23.6) | 1,628 (25.8) | 693 (24.7) | |
| BMI (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| < 25 kg/m2 | 17,692 (46.5) | 3,882 (33.7) | 1,986 (29.9) | 686 (23.2) | |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 12,765 (33.6) | 4,327 (37.6) | 2,424 (36.5) | 1,028 (34.7) | |
| > 30 kg/m2 | 7,572 (19.9) | 3,301 (28.7) | 2,234 (33.6) | 1,245 (42.1) | |
| Smokers (%) | 1716 (4.5) | 394 (3.4) | 303 (4.5) | 227 (7.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Alcohol intake (%) | 0.086 | ||||
| < 0.5 drinks/week | 22,086 (57.7) | 6,812 (58.9) | 3,875 (57.9) | 1,769 (59.3) | |
| 0.5–2 drinks/week | 5,821 (15.2) | 1,684 (14.6) | 1,001 (15.0) | 467 (15.7) | |
| > 2 drinks/week | 10,352 (27.1) | 3,077 (26.6) | 1,812 (27.1) | 745 (25.0) | |
| HT users (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| Never | 12,548 (32.8) | 3369 (29.1) | 1896 (28.3) | 878 (29.6) | |
| Estrogen only | 11,014 (28.8) | 3623 (31.3) | 2072 (31.0) | 943 (31.7) | |
| Either one or both | 14,565 (38.1) | 4541 (39.3) | 2697 (40.3) | 1136 (38.2) | |
| Unknown | 129 (0.3) | 33 (0.3) | 29 (0.4) | 14 (0.5) | |
| Physical activity (total energy expended, MET-hours/week, Mean ± SD) | 12.0 ± 13.4 | 12.1 ± 13.4 | 11.6 ± 13.0 | 11.9 ± 13.2 | 0.38 |
| Calibrated energy intake (kcal, Mean ± SD) | 2033 ± 187 | 2092 ± 196 | 2130 ± 209 | 2190 ± 232 | < 0.0001 |
| Salt intake (mg, Mean ± SD) | 2393 ± 1077 | 2519 ± 1098 | 2601 ± 1193 | 2732 ± 1388 | < 0.0001 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 2636 (6.9) | 1178 (10.2) | 810 (12.1) | 502 (16.8) | < 0.0001 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 9962 (26.2) | 3281 (28.5) | 1956 (29.4) | 927 (31.2) | < 0.0001 |
| History of high cholesterol (%) | 4264 (11.4) | 1512 (13.3) | 844 (12.8) | 384 (13.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage intake | 0.44 | ||||
| None or < 1/month | 23,794 (62.1) | 7,111 (61.4) | 4,133 (61.7) | 1,831 (61.3) | |
| < Once a day | 12,798 (33.4) | 3,944 (34.0) | 2,253 (33.6) | 1,012 (33.9) | |
| Daily | 1,745 (4.6) | 535 (4.6) | 316 (4.7) | 142 (4.8) | |
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, HT hormone therapy
*Unadjusted p value