Table 2.

Usual brain MRI findings according to different etiologies [2, 5, 12]. The differential diagnosis should be made mainly with lesions seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Levamisole-associated MIL	Cocaine leukoencephalopathy	Susac syndrome
Hyperintense T2-weighted images with contrast enhancement predominating in the bilateral centrum ovale, peri-lateral ventricles and basal ganglia	Hyperintense T2-weighted images, usually without contrast enhancement	T2-weighted images: multifocal small hyperintense foci with contrast enhancement in the white and gray matter (up to 70 %)
Round, mass like foci, also irregular patchy foci	Diffuse bihemispheric white matter lesions, often with preservation of U fibers, consistent with confluent vacuolar degeneration	Typical lesions of the corpus callosum, with linear defects in the central fibers and “snowball-like” lesions
		Leptomeninges involvement (30 %)