Table 4.

Reported cases in the literature of extracorporeal removal of dabigatran for emergency surgery

Reference	Case	Type of surgery	Serum creatinine at presentation	Baseline coagulation parametersa	Method and duration of extracorporeal removal	Laboratory parameters after extracorporeal removal	Outcome
Carrizo et al. [67]	85-year-old male	Emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis	1.19 mg/dL	aPTT = 70 s TT >120 s	Hemodialysis, 3 h	aPTT = 48 s TT = 60 s	No bleeding complications. Patient discharged after 5 days of hospitalization
Esnault et al. [66]	62-year-old female	Urgent surgery for hematoma removal	NRb	Plasma dabigatran concentration = 123 ng/mL aPTT = 63 s	Hemodialysis, 2 h	Plasma dabigatran concentration = 11 ng/mL aPTT = 41 s	Patient discharged after 10 days of hospitalization
Wanek et al. [34]	59-year-old female	Cardiac transplantation	NRc	TT = 90.6 s	Hemodialysis, 2.5 h	TT = 60.2 s	TT remained prolonged and sustained for nearly 24 h after surgery. No bleeding complications

aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, TT thrombin time

^aReference ranges: aPTT = 23–38 s; PT = 9.5–13.8 s; TT = 15–23 s. A plasma dabigatran concentration greater than 200 ng/mL increases a patient’s risk for bleeding. ECT reference range determined from a calibration curve and is laboratory-specific. Please note that these values are generally institution-specific and can vary [56]

^bSerum creatinine was not reported; however, the authors reported a creatinine clearance of 39 mL/min

^cSerum creatinine was not reported; however, the authors reported a creatinine clearance of 40 mL/min