Fig. 4.

CBG-CS-2 inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB activation and AP-1 activity in macrophage Raw264.7 cells. Raw264.7 macrophages transfected with pGL3-NF-kB-Luc or pGL3-AP-1-Luc were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 1 h with or without a variety of concentrations of CBG-CS-2 (100S, 500S, 1000S, and 2000S μg/ml). Lysates of these cells were subjected to a luciferase assay. The results are expressed as mean with SEM from three independent experiments. Double asterisks (**) represent P < 0.01, Student’s t-test