Table 1.
Community | Bangor | Central Indiana | Greater Cincinnati | Inland Northwest | Keystone | Greater Tulsa | Western New York |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIE Name | HealthInfoNet | Indiana HIE (Indiana Network for Patient Care) | HealthBridge | INHS Health Information Network | Keystone HIE | MyHealth Access Network | HEALTHeLINK |
Formed* | 2004 / 2006 | 1995 / 2004 | 1997 | 1994 | 2005 | 2009 | 2001 / 2006 |
Service Area | State of Maine | Statewide and inter-state | 16-county area of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky | 14-county area of eastern Washington and western Idaho | 31 counties in Central/Northeastern Pennsylvania | 11 counties in Northeastern Oklahoma | 8-county region surrounding Buffalo |
HIE population** | 1.2 million patients | 2.7 million patients | >3 million patients | 1.3 million patients | 600,000 patients | >2 million patients | 1.5 million patients |
Key Stakeholders | 4 health systems, payer, public health | Providers, public health, business groups | 5 health systems and 2 health plans | Members of Inland Northwest Health Services, an independent entity | Geisinger Health System and 36 community provider organizations | Providers, payers, purchasers, public health, tribes, university, patients | Providers, payers, public health, educational and community partners |
HIE Users (at time of study) | 28 (of 39) Maine hospitals, 7,000 providers, 5 FQHCs | 90 hospitals and 19,000 physicians | 7,500 physicians and over 50 total hospitals | 16 hospitals, 16 clinics, specialists, LTPAC providers | 1,110 clinicians, 274 LTPAC users, 1,200 patients | 1,600 providers | 2,550 providers and 7,567 total users |
Technical Architecture | Centralized | Hybrid-Federated | Hybrid-Federated | Centralized | Hybrid-Federated | Centralized | Hybrid-Federated |
Patient Consent | Opt-out (opt-in for mental health) | Opt-out | Opt-out | Opt-out | Opt-in at each care site for full record | Opt-out | Opt-in |
Selected Examples of Advanced Health IT Tools & Services (see Appendix for details) |
Community wide disease registry Quality reporting and provider comparison Quality reporting and provider comparison Patient text messaging (pilot) Public health surveillance |
Public health surveillance Health screening reminders Disease registry Quality reporting and provider comparison |
Community-wide disease registry Predictive risk modeling Provider reporting dashboard; Patient text messaging (pilot) |
Risk-based algorithm to refer diabetes patients Quality reports (sent to providers quarterly) Clinical decision support |
KeyHIE Transform translates LTPAC patient assessment data to CCD format Electronic flu shot reminder Performance reporting |
e-Referral management Predictive risk modeling Clinical decision support Analytics & reporting Cloud-based apps |
EHR-based registries Clinical decision support Quality and outcomes reporting Telemonitoring Public health surveillance |
Source: Authors’ analysis. FQHC = federally qualified health center; HIE = health information exchange; IT = information technology; LTPAC = long-term and postacute care.
Notes:
Date Formed: Where two dates are indicated, the first marks when foundational elements of an HIE began, and the second marks the official formation of the HIE organization.
HIE Population: The number of patients whose clinical data had been electronically exchanged and/or stored in some form through the HIE infrastructure at the time of the study.