Table 2. Studies included for the analysis of child maltreatment in China .

Study	Type of study	Maltreatment	Sample size	Risk of bias	Excluded maltreatment in meta-analysis	RR estimation, maltreatment – outcome
Cai (2008)46	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	270	Low	–	–
Chan & Yan (2013)68	Prevalence	Physical, sexual	18 341	Low	–	–
Chang & Wang (2008)56	Prevalence	Emotional, neglect	230	Medium	–	–
Chen & Dunne (2003)84	Prevalence	Sexual	323	Low	–	–
Chen & Liao (2011)48	Prevalence	Emotional	430	Medium	–	–
Chen & Liao (2005)45	Prevalence	Emotional	484	Medium	–	–
Chen & Liao (2005)71	Prevalence	Physical	484	Medium	–	–
Chen et al. (2003)85	Prevalence	Sexual	239	Low	–	–
Chen et al. (2006)65	Prevalence and consequences	Physical	528	Medium	–	Physical – current smoker
						Physical – problem drinking
Chen et al. (2006)79	Prevalence	Sexual	528	Low	–	–
Chen et al. (2010)80	Prevalence	Sexual	2 508	Low	–	–
Chen (2004)83	Prevalence	Sexual	565	Medium	–	–
Chen (2005)61	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	291	Medium	–	–
Chen et al. (2004)9	Prevalence and consequences	Sexual	2 300	Low	–	Sexual – current smoker
						Sexual – problem drinking
Chen et al. (2006)8	Prevalence and consequences	Sexual	351	Low	–	Sexual – current smoker
						Sexual – problem drinking
Chen et al. (2002)7	Prevalence	Sexual	985	Medium	–	–
Chen et al. (2004)77	Prevalence	Sexual	892	Medium	–	–
Chen et al. (2008)26	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	528	Medium	Emotional	–
Cheng et al. (2010)75	Prevalence	Neglect	3 155	Low	–	–
Cheng et al. (2011)86	Consequences	Physical	1 628	Low	–	Physical – current smoker
						Physical – problem drinking
						Physical – illicit drug use
Cong et al. (2012)87	Consequences	Sexual	4 567	Low	–	Sexual – depression
Chou et al. (2011)66	Prevalence	Physical	1 966	Low	–	–
Ding et al. (2007)37	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	485	Medium	–	–
Dong et al. (2010)55	Prevalence	Emotional, neglect	1 193	Low	–	–
Fuh et al. (2010)22	Prevalence	Physical	4 259	Medium	Physical	–
Gao et al. (2011)43	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	301	Medium	–	–
Gao et al. (2013)73	Prevalence	Neglect	685	Low	–	–
Gu et al. (2005)78	Prevalence	Sexual	1 635	Medium	–	–
Hester et al. (2009)67	Prevalence	Physical	498	Medium	–	–
Hou et al. (2010)58	Prevalence	Emotional	757	Medium	–	–
Hu et al. (2005)39	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	336	Medium	–	–
Huang et al. (2006)36	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	335	Medium	–	–
Lau et al. (2003)88	Consequences	Physical	489	Low	–	Physical – current smoker
						Physical – self-harm
Lau et al. (2005)89	Consequences	Physical	95 788	Low	–	Physical – current smoker
						Physical – illicit drug use
Li et al. (2012)90	Consequences	Sexual	4 084	Low	–	Sexual – depression
						Sexual – anxiety
Li et al.a (2014)60	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	485	Low	–	–
Lin et al. (2011)42	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	7 475	Low	–	–
Lin et al. (2011)76	Prevalence	Sexual	683	Low	–	–
Lu et al. (2012)24	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	796	Medium	Emotional	–
Ma & Chen (2007)70	Prevalence and consequences	Physical	709	Medium	–	Physical– mental disorder
						Physical – depression
						Physical – anxiety
						Physical – current smoker
						Physical – problem drinking
Ma et al. (2005)11	Prevalence and consequences	Physical	528	Medium	–	Physical – mental disorder
						Physical – depression
						Physical – anxiety
Ma et al. (2012)28	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	475	Low	Neglect	–
Qiu & Ma (2010)25	Prevalence	Physical, sexual	709	Medium	Physical	–
Samuda (1988)62	Prevalence	Physical	100	Medium	–	–
Shen (2009)69	Prevalence	Physical	1 924	Low	–	–
Su et al. (2008)81	Prevalence and consequences	Sexual	1 386	Medium	–	Sexual – depression
						Sexual – anxiety
						Sexual – self-harm
Sun et al. (2006)82	Prevalence	Sexual	701	Medium	–	–
Tang (2002)10	Prevalence	Sexual	2 147	Medium	–	–
Tang et al. (2011)91	Consequences	Physical	6 564	Low	–	Physical – current smoker
						Physical – self-harm
Tao et al. (2006)57	Prevalence and consequences	Emotional, physical	5 141	Medium	–	Physical – mental disorder
						Emotional – mental disorder
Wang & Chen (2012)40	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	1 762	Medium	–	–
Xiao et al. (2008)72	Prevalence and consequences	Physical	10 894	Medium	–	Physical – self-harm
						Emotional – self-harm
Xiao (2008)59	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	2 073	Low	–	–
Xie et al. (2008)27	Prevalence	Emotional, neglect	457	Low	Neglect	–
Yan et al. (2009)51	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	1 200	Low	–	–
Yang et al. (2004)23	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	282	Medium	Emotional, physical, neglect	–
Yang (2012)54	Prevalence	Emotional, neglect	324	Low	–	–
Ye et al. (2006)63	Prevalence	Physical, sexual	5 141	Medium	–	–
Yen et al. (2008)64	Prevalence	Physical	1 684	Low	–	–
Yong et al. (2011)52	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	1 417	Low	–	–
Zeng et al. (2010)44	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	667	Low	–	–
Zhang et al. (2010)74	Prevalence	Neglect	3 539	Low	–	–
Zhao & Li (2006)38	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	485	Medium	–	–
Zhao et al. (2004)47	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	435	Low	–	–
Zhong et al. (2012)41	Prevalence	Emotional, physical	456	Medium	–	–
Zhou et al. (2010)50	Prevalence	Emotional, neglect	397	Low	–	–
Zhu et al. (2010)49	Prevalence	Emotional, neglect	659	Low	–	–
Zhu et al. (2012)53	Prevalence	Emotional, physical, neglect	2 374	Low	–	–

RR: relative risk.

^a This study was available online 22 October 2013 and therefore included in our systematic review.