Table 2.
A comparison between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC; μg/mL) of ciprofloxacin, CeO2 nanoparticles, Fe2O3 nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin in the presence of CeO2 or Fe2O3 nanoparticles against gram positive and gram negative bacterial biofilm cultures
| Ciprofloxacin MIC (μg/ml) | CeO2 NP MIC (μg/ml) | Fe2O3 NP MIC (μg/ml) | Ciprofloxacin + CeO2 NP MIC (μg/ml) | Ciprofloxacin + Fe2O3 NP MIC (μg/ml) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram +ve bacteria biofilm cultures | |||||
| MSSA | 0.70 ± 0.30 | 180 ± 80 | 30 ± 10 | 50 ± 20 | 30 ± 10 |
| MRSA | 0.80 ± 0.30 | 180 ± 80 | 360 ± 160 | 90 ± 40 | 180 ± 80 |
| S. pneumonia | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 180 ± 80 | 180 ± 80 | 70 ± 0.0 | 90 ± 40 |
| VSE | 0.70 ± 0.30 | 270 ± 0.0 | 360 ± 160 | 140 ± 0.0 | 90 ± 40 |
| VRE | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 530 ± 0.0 | 530 ± 0.0 | 110 ± 40 | 360 ± 160 |
| S. pyogenes | 0.40 ± 0.20 | 70 ± 0.0 | 110 ± 40 | 20 ± 0.0 | 40 ± 0.0 |
| S. epidermidis | 0.40 ± 0.20 | 90 ± 40 | 270 ± 0.0 | 50 ± 20 | 180 ± 80 |
| Gram −ve bacteria biofilm cultures | |||||
| E. coli | 0.40 ± 0.20 | 90 ± 40 | 50 ± 20 | 40 ± 0.0 | 20 ± 5 |
| P. aeruginosa | 0.80 ± 0.30 | 70 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 50 | 30 ± 10 | 60 ± 20 |
| A. baumannii | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 360 ± 160 | 360 ± 160 | 360 ± 160 | 90 ± 40 |
| P. mirabilis | 0.70 ± 0.30 | 360 ± 160 | 530 ± 0.0 | 140 ± 0.0 | 110 ± 40 |
| K. pneumonia | 0.70 ± 0.30 | 360 ± 160 | 360 ± 160 | 50 ± 20 | 90 ± 40 |
| H. influenzae | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 530 ± 0.0 | 530 ± 0.0 | 140 ± 0.0 | 180 ± 80 |
| E. aerogenes | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 140 ± 0.0 | 110 ± 40 | 20 ± 0.0 | 50 ± 20 |
| C. freundii | 0.50 ± 0.00 | 220 ± 80 | 360 ± 160 | 180 ± 80 | 90 ± 40 |
| E. cloacae | 0.80 ± 0.30 | 220 ± 80 | 110 ± 40 | 110 ± 40 | 60 ± 20 |
The MIC values for ciprofloxacin alone were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of CeO2 NP or Fe2O3 NP alone, Ciprofloxacin + CeO2 NP, and Ciprofloxacin + Fe2O3 NP for all tested bacterial strains. NP stands for nanoparticles. Results are presented as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments