. 2014 Mar 28;67(3):531–543. doi: 10.1007/s10616-014-9713-4

Table 3.

Frequencies of chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN), nuclear division index (NDI) and mitotic index (MI %) in cultured human lymphocytes treated with Parmelia sulcata extract (PSE), positive and negative controls (mean ± SD)

Treatments	MI ± SD^a	Number of chromosome aberration							TGAP ± SD^a	TGEP ± SD^a	MN ± SD^a	NDI ± SD^a
Treatments	MI ± SD^a	CG	ICG	CB	ICB	EXC	SE	PLV	TGAP ± SD^a	TGEP ± SD^a	MN ± SD^a	NDI ± SD^a
Negative control	8.62 ± 2.24	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0.02 ± 0.02	0.00 ± 0.00	13.10 ± 0.86	1.20 ± 0.05
Solvent control (DMSO)	8.04 ± 0.61	58	4	12	16	0	0	0	1.06 ± 0.22	0.48 ± 0.09	18.60 ± 0.66	1.41 ± 0.06
125 μg/ml PSE	7.72 ± 0.42	105	36	22	40	0	5	0	1.43 ± 0.32	0.72 ± 0.15	19.80 ± 0.49	1.37 ± 0.07
250 μg/ml PSE	7.14 ± 0.35	68	17	28	58	0	15	0	1.76 ± 0.33*	0.97 ± 0.24**	19.88 ± 2.46	1.30 ± 0.08
500 μg/ml PSE	6.59 ± 0.29	82	29	46	40	2	19	0	1.91 ± 0.36**	0.88 ± 0.19*	25.18 ± 5.71*	1.12 ± 0.03***
Positive control (EMS)	3.34 ± 1.92	38	24	26	12	21	2	7	1.61 ± 0.37^b	0.66 ± 0.19^b	34.05 ± 2.12^c	1.09 ± 0.34^d

CG chromatid gap, ICG iso-chromatid gap, CB chromatid break, ICB iso-chromatid break, EXC exchange figure, SE spiralization error, PLV pulverization, MI mitotic index, TGAP total chromosome aberration including gaps and pulverizations, TGEP total chromosome aberration excluding gaps and pulverizations, MN micronuclei frequency (%), NDI nuclear division index, PSE Parmelia sulcata methanolic extract, SD standard deviation, DMSO 50 % dimethyl sulphoxide as solvent control, EMS methyl methane sulphonate as positive control (1,250 μg/ml). Distilled water as negative control

^aSignificancy of PSE doses compared with DMSO solvent control at * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005; *** p < 0.001

^bSignificancy of EMS compared with negative control at p < 0.05

^cSignificancy of EMS compared with negative control at p < 0.005

^dSignificancy of EMS compared with negative control at p < 0.001