Table 5.
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza subtypes among the elderly: comparison of results from this present study with results from observational studies in Europe using the test-negative design, seasons 2010/11-2012/13
| Country [ref] | Age-group | VE § in % (95% CI) | VE § in % (95% CI) | VE § in % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Years) | VE-analysis | A(H1N1)pdm | A(H3N2) | B | |
| Season 2010/11 | |||||
| This study | ≥60 | Crude | 76 (70–81) | - | 84 (76–90) |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| Europe (I-MOVE) 1 [38] | ≥60 | Crude | 73 (48–86) | - | 48 (−2-73) |
| Adjusted | 72 (27–90) | - | 56 (−38-86) | ||
| UK [42] | ≥65 | Crude | - | - | - |
| Adjusted | 70 (0–85)2 | - | 65 (20–80)2 | ||
| Spain I [40] | ≥50 | Crude | 67 (27–85)3 | - | - |
| Adjusted | 69 (0–91)3 | - | - | ||
| Spain II [43] | ≥60 | Crude | 60 (20–80)4 | - | - |
| Adjusted | 59 (16–76)4 | - | - | ||
| Spain III [45] | ≥65 | Crude | 41 (−36-74)5 | - | - |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| Spain IV [46] | ≥65 | Crude | 54 (−18-82)6 | ||
| Adjusted | - | ||||
| Germany [17] | ≥60 | Crude | 89 (1–99)3 | - | - |
| Adjusted | 92 (−67-100)3 | - | - | ||
| Season 2011/12 | |||||
| This study | ≥60 | Crude | 87 (14–100) | −9 (−59-26) | 74 (55–86) |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| Europe (I-MOVE) 1 [39] | ≥60 | Crude | - | 6 (−41-38) | - |
| Adjusted | - | 15 (−33-46) | - | ||
| UK [41] | ≥65 | Crude | - | - | - |
| Adjusted | - | 48 (−50-82) | - | ||
| Spain I [49] | ≥65 | Crude | - | 4 (−106-55)7 | - |
| Adjusted | - | 19 (−146-73)7 | - | ||
| Spain II 8 [47] | ≥65 | Crude | - | 26 (−69-78) | - |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| Season 2012/13 | |||||
| This study | ≥60 | Crude | 74 (69–79) | 39 (13–58) | 73 (68–77) |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| Europe (I-MOVE) 1 [37] | ≥60 | Crude | 59 (14–80) | 37 (−13-65) | 44 (9–66) |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| UK [44] | ≥65 | Crude | - | - | - |
| Adjusted | −14 (−206-57) | 65 (18–85) | |||
| Denmark [35] | ≥65 | Crude | - | −19 (−52-6) | 64 (17–84) |
| Adjusted | - | −11 (−41-14) | 69 (26–87) | ||
| Lithuania 8 [48] | ≥60 | Crude | 92 (−55-100)9 | ||
| Adjusted | - | ||||
| Portugal 8 [33] | ≥60 | Crude | 80 (19–95)10 | - | - |
| Adjusted | - | - | - | ||
| Multicenter 11 [34] | ≥65 | Crude12 | 34 (−22-64) | 46 (−16-75) | 46 (23–63) |
| Adjusted | 13 (−68-55) | 39 (−40-73) | 41 (12–61) | ||
VE, vaccine effectiveness.
§VE point estimates were rounded off to whole numbers.
1I-MOVE pooled data from other European countries; therefore, overlapping with some of the individual studies from the same season is likely.
2approx. VE since data for this age group were presented as figures only.
3VE against all influenza types; >80% of all subtypes identified were H1N1.
4VE against all-type influenza hospitalization; 76% of all subtypes identified were H1N1.
5VE against all-type hospitalization; 95% of all subtypes identified were H1N1.
6VE against all influenza types; 56% of all subtypes identified were H1N1, 41% were B.
7VE against all influenza cases; 92% of all subtypes identified were H3N2.
8Data extracted from the study of Darvishian et al. [31].
9VE against all influenza types; distribution among the whole study population: 41% H1N1, 40% B, 19% H3N2.
10VE against all influenza types; distribution among the whole study population: 53% H1N1, 43% B.
11VE against hospitalization; data collected in Spain, France and in the Russian Federation.
12adjusted for study site.