Table 2.
Summary of human dietary intervention studies: palm oil versus saturated fats
| Reference | Subjects (n) | Age (y) | BMI (kg/m2) | Design | Dietary fatty acids (%E) |
Cholesterol (mg) | Lipids (mmol/L) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total fat | 12:0 | 14:0 | 16:0 | 18:0 | 18:1 | TC | TAG | LDL-C | HDL-C | ||||||
| Nestel et al. (1998) | 12 men, | 51 ± 7 | 26.2 ± 3.9 | RCT, 2 wk run in, 5 wk | 41 | - | – | 13.1 | 2.5 | 21.3 | 0 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 1.1 |
| 8 women | 42 | 3.8 | 14.3 | 20.2 | 0 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Sundram et al. (1994) | 17 men | 19–21 | 20.1 ± 1.8 | RCT, 3 wk run in, 4 wk | 30.7 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 11.1 | 1.5 | 10.8 | <200 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.1 |
| 30.5 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 6.9 | 1.1 | 10.3 | 4.4* | 1.0 | 2.7* | 1.2 | ||||||
| Zock et al. (1994) | 36 women, | 18–62 | 17.9–32.4 | RTC, 3 wk | 39.2 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 14.9 | 4.1 | 11.6 | <400 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.5 |
| 23 men | 39.6 | 0.4 | 11.3 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 10.9 | 5.2* | 1.0 | 3.1* | 1.7* | |||||
| Ng et al. (1991) | 27 per group | <30 | <26 | Parallel, 5 wk | 30.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 11.6 | 1.5 | 12.9 | <200 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 1.3 |
| 30.8 | 11.0 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 4.0** | 0.9 | 2.5** | 1.1** | ||||||
*
Significantly different from palmitic acid diet (P < 0.05).
*
Significantly different from entry levels (P < 0.05).