Table 5.

Summary of human dietary intervention studies: palm oil versus polyunsaturated oils

Reference	Subjects (n)	Age (y)	BMI (kg/m2)	Design	Dietary fatty acids (%E)				Cholesterol (mg)	Lipids (mmol/L)
					Total fat	16:0	18:1	18:2		TC	TAG	LDL-C	HDL-C
‘Scholtz et al. (2004)	18–20 males + females	21–59	<30	RCT, 4 wk	33–38	13.5	13.8	3.7	207–224	5.6	1.6	3.6	1.1
						2.2	6.9	24.2		5.0**	1.3	3.3**	1.0
Zhang et al. (1997)	Groundnut oil:	32–68	−	Parallel, 6 wk	30	9.8	11.6	5.9	163	5.7*	1.4	4.1*	1.3
	15 males, 11 females				30.2	4.8	11.9	9.5	166	5.9	1.3	4.4	1.2
	Red palm oil:
	16 males,
	9 females,
	mildly hyperchole-sterolemic
Ghafoorunissa et al. (1995)	12 per group	29–52	16–30	RCT, 8 wk, 6 wk washout	32	12.0	11.7	3.4	<100	4.4	0.8	2.5	0.8
						6.0	11.4	7.1		4.3	0.7	2.5	0.7
Ng et al. (1991)	Palm oil:	20–34	Palm: 19.5 ± 2.0	Parellel, double-blind, 5 wk	30	11.3	12.6	3.3	∼200	4.0*	0.9	2.5*	1.1*
	20 males,		Corn: 19.4 ± 2.3			6.7	9.8	10.6		3.2*	0.9*	1.8*	1.0*
	7 females
	Corn oil
	19 males,
	7 females
Marzuki et al. (1991)	110 healthy males	16–17	–	RCT, 5 wk, 6 wk washout	36	13.8	15.6	3.9	343	3.9	0.7	2.4	1.3
					34	3.6	7.3	18.9	342	4.0	1.1**	2.4	1.3

^*Significantly lower from entry diet (P < 0.05).

^*Significantly different from palm oil diet (P < 0.05).