TABLE 1.

Twelve-month emergence rates and 95% confidence intervals on the Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia (BRSD): normal elderly control subjects (NEC; total n = 64) and Alzheimer’s disease patients (AD; total n = 235)

BRSD Item	NEC				AD
	Obsvd./Eligible	EER	95% CI		Eligible	Expected	95% CI		Obsvd.
1. Feelings of anxiety	1/56	0.018	0.011	0.031	134	2.412	1.47	4.15	15
2. Physical signs of anxiety*	0/57	0	0	0.013	117	0	0	1.52	22
3. Sad appearance	1/59	0.017	0.011	0.03	113	1.921	1.24	3.39	12
4. Feelings of hopelessness	0/60	0	0	0.012	153	0	0	1.84	9
5. Crying	0/61	0	0	0.012	149	0	0	9	9
6. Feelings of guilt	0/62	0	0	0.012	185	0	0	2.22	3
7. Poor self-esteem	1/58	0.017	0.011	0.03	157	2.669	1.727	4.71	11
8. Feels life is not worth living	0/60	0	0	0.012	161	0	0	1.932	15
9. Times when S doesn’t enjoy things S does as much as S used to (Y/N)*	3/53	0.057	0.048	0.071	68	3.876	3.264	4.828	23
10. S sometimes can’t seem to get started on things S used to do (Y/N)*	2/52	0.039	0.031	0.053	50	1.95	1.55	2.65	27
11. Tiredness	0/62	0	0	0.012	201	0	0	2.412	0
12. S’s sleeping pattern different from before dementiaa (Y/N)	2/52	0.039	0.036	0.053	91	3.549	3.276	4.823	27
13. Trouble falling asleep	0/60	0	0	0.012	197	0	0	2.364	0
14. S’s appetite has changed from before dementiaa (Y/N)*	0/57	0	0	0.013	131	0	0	1.703	44
15. Gained or lost weight unintentionally (Y/N)*	8/55	0.146	0.136	0.16	134	19.56	18.22	21.44	53
16. Excessive physical complaints	1/62	0.016	0.01	0.028	175	2.8	1.75	4.9	9
17. Sexual interest different from the way it was before dementiaa (Y/N)	1/49	0.02	0.013	0.036	85	1.7	1.105	3.06	18
18. Sudden changes in emotion	1/62	0.016	0.01	0.028	178	2.848	1.78	4.98	12
19. Agitation	1/56	0.018	0.114	0.031	95	1.71	1.083	2.945	15
20. Irritability	2/55	0.036	0.029	0.05	114	4.104	3.306	5.7	23
21. Uncooperativeness*	0/60	0	0	0.012	148	0	0	1.776	31
22. Verbal aggression	0/60	0	0	0.012	182	0	0	2.184	11
23. Physical aggression	0/62	0	0	0.012	191	0	0	2.292	10
24. Restlessness*	0/61	0	0	0.012	111	0	0	1.332	31
25. Purposeless behavior*	0/61	0	0	0.012	83	0	0	0.996	23
26. Particular time of day during which S seems more confused than at other times (Y/N)*	0/61	0	0	0.012	96	0	0	1.152	39
27. Wandering	0/60	0	0	0.012	171	0	0	2.052	16
28. Trying to leave home	0/62	0	0	0.012	196	0	0	2.352	8
29. Socially inappropriate behavior	0/62	0	0	0.012	175	0	0	2.1	16
30. Repetitiveness*	0/59	0	0	0.013	54	0	0	0.702	14
31. Social withdrawal*	1/61	0.016	0.011	0.029	136	2.176	1.496	3.944	12
32. S seeks out more visual or physical contact with caregivers than before dementiaa (Y/N)*	0/62	0	0	0.012	79	0	0	0.948	29
33. Misidentification of people	0/62	0	0	0.012	156	0	0	1.872	13
34. Doesn’t recognize self in mirror	0/61	0	0	0.012	171	0	0	2.052	10
35. Misidentification of things	0/62	0	0	0.012	177	0	0	2.124	13
36. Feeling threatened	0/61	0	0	0.012	174	0	0	2.088	16
37. Belief that spouse is unfaithful	0/52	0	0	0.014	162	0	0	2.268	1
38. Belief that one is being abandoned	0/60	0	0	0.012	186	0	0	2.232	4
39. Belief that spouse is an imposter	0/60	0	0	0.012	187	0	0	2.244	7
40. Belief that TV characters are real	0/62	0	0	0.012	167	0	0	2.004	5
41. Belief that people are in house*	0/62	0	0	0.012	160	0	0	1.92	21
42. Belief that dead person is alive	0/62	0	0	0.012	161	0	0	1.932	13
43. Belief that house is not home	0/62	0	0	0.012	160	0	0	1.92	21
44. Auditory hallucinations	0/62	0	0	0.012	176	0	0	2.112	10
45. Visual hallucinations	0/62	0	0	0.012	180	0	0	2.16	14
Total	25/2,669	0.009	(0.005, 0.013)		6,527	51.28	0.111 (0.103, 0.118)		722

Note: “Eligible” = the number of individuals in whom the symptom could emerge, i.e., in whom the symptom was rated not present at baseline; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; EER = expected emergence rate; Expected = number of observations expected on basis of EER; Obsvd. = actual number of emergent behaviors; S–subject; Y/N = yes/no.

^aFor NEC, the question was framed “in the last four years.”

^*Adjusted P-value <0.05 for Fisher’s exact test across groups.