Table 2.

Edinburgh Score^a > 12 at Follow-up by Characteristics for Stillbirths and Healthy Live Births

Characteristic Used for Adjustment to Odds Ratio	Edinburgh Score > 12 − % [Nw]b		Adjusted Odds Ratio [95% CI]c Stillbirth vs Healthy Live Birth cOR [95% CI]: 1.90 [1.20, 3.02]
	Stillbirth 14.8 [270]	Healthy Live Birth 8.3 [461]
Sociodemographic
Maternal age at delivery, years			1.9 [1.2, 3.0]
< 20	18.7 [27]	17.8 [32]
20–34	15.7 [192]	7.0 [342]
35–39	9.9 [38]	10.0 [75]
40+	7.1 [13]	10.5 [12]
Maternal race/ethnicity			1.8 [1.1, 2.8]
Non-Hispanic white	13.8 [122]	6.1 [283]
Non-Hispanic black	15.4 [51]	13.4 [47]
Hispanic	16.1 [81]	11.6 [98]
Other	13.5 [17]	10.9 [33]
Maternal education, grade			1.7 [1.0, 2.7]
0–11 [none/primary/some secondary]	28.4 [36]	26.0 [37]
12 [completed secondary]	17.7 [80]	9.4 [92]
13+ [college]	10.3 [152]	6.1 [331]
Paternal education, grade			1.6 [1.0, 2.5]
0–11 [none/primary/some secondary]	25.3 [48]	14.6 [51]
12 [completed secondary]	18.8 [90]	12.5 [90]
13+ [college]	8.1 [123]	6.2 [305]
Marital status/cohabitating			1.7 [1.0, 2.7]
Not married or cohabitating	17.8 [49]	25.4 [48]
Cohabitating	18.1 [62]	9.5 [69]
Married	12.6 [157]	5.8 [343]
Insurance/method of payment			1.7 [1.0, 2.7]
No insurance	27.2 [8]	30.8 [5]
Any public/private assistance	19.3 [116]	14.4 [148]
VA/commercial health ins/HMO	10.5 [144]	5.0 [306]
Maternal Self-Reported Substance Abuse
Average no. of cigarettes during 3 months prior to pregnancy			1.8 [1.1, 2.9]
Did not smoke	12.4 [235]	7.3 [419]
< 10	35.5 [21]	27.2 [22]
≥ 10	25.9 [13]	10.7 [18]
Alcohol consumption during 3 months prior to pregnancy			2.0 [1.2, 3.1]
Did not drink	12.3 [166]	8.4 [257]
Drank, no binging	21.6 [59]	7.6 [124]
Binged	15.8 [44]	9.6 [79]
Lifetime drug use			1.9 [1.2, 3.1]
Never used drugs	13.6 [189]	7.3 [320]
Ever used drugs w/o addiction	19.9 [71]	10.8 [131]
Ever used drugs w/ addiction	0.0 [7]	26.6 [4]
Maternal Medical / Physiologic
Body mass index, kg/m2			1.7 [1.0, 2.7]
< 18.5 [underweight]	15.0 [9]	14.4 [14]
18.5–24.9 [normal weight]	10.5 [98]	5.7 [252]
25–29.9 [overweight]	14.7 [73]	10.1 [96]
30–34 [obese]	17.0 [45]	12.0 [53]
≥ 35 [morbidly obese]	22.4 [44]	13.8 [44]
Blood type			1.7 [1.0, 2.7]
A	15.7 [79]	8.2 [167]
B	10.9 [32]	10.3 [51]
O	9.8 [124]	8.3 [221]
AB	38.8 [17]	7.0 [17]
Pregnancy-Associated
Pregnancy history			1.8 [1.2, 2.9]
• Nulliparous; never pregnant or only elective terminations	15.7 [95]	7.4 [139]
• Nulliparous with previous losses	13.4 [35]	6.4 [24]
• Multiparous with no previous losses at < 20 wk or stillbirths	10.8 [89]	7.6 [202]
• Multiparous with no stillbirth but previous losses at < 20 wk	13.6 [36]	11.5 [88]
• Multiparous with stillbirth	39.6 [14]	12.3 [9]
Pregnancy wanted ever, before pregnancy			1.9 [1.2, 3.0]
Yes	13.9 [252]	7.7 [441]
No	27.3 [15]	22.7 [16]
Multi-fetal pregnancy			2.0 [1.3, 3.2]
Yes	6.6 [21]	0.0 [11]
No	15.5 [249]	8.5 [450]
Gestational age at delivery, weeks			1.9 [1.0, 3.7]
18–24	16.5 [105]	-- [0]
24–31	12.2 [72]	-- [0]
32+	14.9 [92]	8.3 [461]
Psychosocial
History of depressiond			2.1 [1.3, 3.3]
Yes	21.2 [57]	17.1 [127]
No	13.1 [214]	5.0 [334]
Significant Life Events: # of factorse			1.7 [1.0, 2.7]
0	13.4 [62]	6.0 [129]
1	7.3 [83]	5.2 [146]
2	10.4 [62]	4.6 [115]
3	30.5 [43]	21.7 [48]
4	31.1 [17]	39.1 [15]
STAI trait-anxiety scale scoref			1.6 [0.9, 2.6]
≤ 25.8	11.2 [53]	3.0 [129]
25.8–32.1	7.8 [53]	3.3 [114]
32.1–38.9	7.8 [60]	6.8 [121]
> 38.9	26.2 [94]	23.0 [80]
STAXI-2 trait-anger scale scoref			2.1 [1.3, 3.4]
≤ 12.3	11.9 [53]	5.8 [88]
12.3–14.9	12.9 [46]	5.8 [99]
14.9–18.9	15.8 [80]	7.2 [135]
> 18.9	17.9 [81]	11.2 [122]
Follow-up
Months to follow-up attempt			1.8 [1.2, 2.9]
< 6	-- [0]	-- [0]
6–12	25.1 [31]	12.0 [23]
12–18	9.7 [66]	8.6 [109]
18–24	8.7 [63]	9.5 [127]
24+	18.4 [111]	7.0 [202]

N_w=weighted sample size, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, cOR=crude odds ratio

^aThe Edinburgh is scored if there were responses for all 10 items.

^bWeighted percentages and sample sizes are given. The weights take into account the study design and differential consent based on characteristics recorded on all eligible deliveries that were screened for the study.

^cOdds ratios are taken from weighted logistic regression models with Edinburgh score > 12 (yes versus no) as the dependent variable. A separate model is fit for each row characteristic shown in the table as a covariate along with SCRN case status. The odds ratios reported are for stillbirth versus healthy live birth, adjusted for the covariate.

^dWomen are classified as having a history of depression if they had taken antidepressant medications or if they indicated they had sought help for depression.

^eSignificant life events are grouped as four factors: financial, emotional, traumatic, and partner. Factors that were noted are summed.

^f11 women with stillbirth (4%) and 18 women with healthy live birth (4%) were missing STAI and STAX-2 scales. The STAI scale is scored if there were responses for at least 17 of 18 items used in the summary score. An average of the non-missing items is computed [using the appropriate numeric coding for each item] and multiplied by 20 [the number of items that constitutes the scale as originally developed]. STAXI-2 is scored according to the specific instructions from the developer. Cutpoints given in the table are based on quartiles from the weighted distribution, using live birth controls.