Table 2.
List of medicinal plants used to treat livestock diseases
| Scientific name | Family | Local name | Habit | Parts used | Disease treated | Animal treated | Mode of preparation and administration | Application route | Voucher no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aloe megalacantha Baker | Aloaceae | Ere | Shrub | Exudate | Anthrax | Cattle | Crush leaves, squeeze the exudate, mix it with cold water let the animal drink one cup of the solution | Oral | SA01384 |
| Trypanosomiasis | Cattle | Exudate is mixed with poultry faeces is smeared on affected body parts | Dermal | ||||||
| Root | Dislocation of body parts | Cattle | Roots are cut into pieces, tied by thread and tied on damaged part of the body | Dermal | |||||
| Exudate | Wound | Cattle | Exudate is smeared on affected body part of the animal | Dermal | |||||
| Equine | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Scabies | Cattle | Crush leaves and apply exudate on the infected skin | Dermal | ||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Achyranthes aspera L. | Amaranthaceae | Muchelo | Herb | Root | Thelaziasis (eye disease) | Cattle | Roots are chewed and juice spitted into the affected eye of cattle | Eye | SA01303 |
| Equine | |||||||||
| Allium sativum L. | Alliaceae | Tsada shugurti | Herb | Bulb | Thelaziasis (eye disease) | Cattle | Bulbs are crushed, squeezed, filtered, mixed with soot and paste inserted into affected part | Eye | SA01368 |
| Equine | |||||||||
| Aspergillosis | Cattle | Crush bulb with leaves of Leucas sp., squeezed it, add salt and administer a cup of the juice | Nasal | ||||||
| Equine | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Foot and mouth disease | Cattle | Allium sativum is crushed, mixed with honey and apply paste on affected part | Dermal | ||||||
| Newcastle disease | Poultry | Bulb is crushed, mixed with ‘enjera’ and is orally administered | Oral | ||||||
| Argemone mexicana L. | Pappavaraceae | Medafe tilian | Herb | Leaf | Sore | Camel | Leaves are pounded into powder and sprayed on the wound daily after washing it with salted water | Dermal | SA01381 |
| Equine | |||||||||
| Cattle | |||||||||
| Calpurnia aurea (Alt.) Benth. | Fabaceae | Hetsawets | Tree | Seed | Salmonellosis | Cattle | A cup of seeds are ground, powder mixed with salted cold water and solution given orally administered | Oral | SA01345 |
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Leaf | E. coli infection | Cattle | Leaves are crushed, squeezed, filtered and juice is orally administered | Oral | |||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Lichen simplex chronicus (skin disease) | Cattle | Leaves are crushed and rubbed on the skin | Dermal | ||||||
| Sheep pox | Sheep | Leaves are crushed and rubbed on the skin | Dermal | ||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. | Asclepidaceae | Ginda | Shrub | Latex | Sore | Cattle | Latex smeared on affected area until cure | Dermal | SA01375 |
| Equine | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Croton macrostachyus Del. | Euphorbiaceae | Tanbuk | Tree | Leaves | Scabies | Cattle | Leaf of C. macrostachyus is crushed and rubbed on the affected skin three to four days consecutively | Dermal | SA01373 |
| Goat | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich. | Cucurbitaceae | rambo Rambo | Shrub | Root | infection | Equine | Roots is crushed into powder, mixed with cold water and a cup of solution is given orally | Oral | SA01321 |
| Cattle | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Hyena bite | Equine | Root is crushed, mixed with ‘tella’, decanted and paste applied on affected part | Dermal | ||||||
| Cattle | |||||||||
| Cyphostemma adenocaule (steud.ex A. Rich) Descoings ex Wild and Drummond | Vitaceae | Aserkuka fetahkuka | Climber | Root | Pack sore | Equine | Roots are crushed, dried, ground and powder sprinkled on affected part until sore dries | Dermal | SA01346 |
| Dodonaea angustifolia L. f. | Sapindaceae | Tahsos | Shrub | Leaf | Sore on cattle and equine | Equine | Leaves are dried on hot iron plate, ground and powder spread on affected part | Dermal | SA01327 |
| Cattle | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Twig | Dislocation of body part | Cattle | Dislocated part is tied with twigs until healed | Dermal | |||||
| Equine | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Eucalyptus globulus Labill. | Myrtaceae | Tsada kelamitos | Tree | Leaf | Avian cholera | Poultry | Leaf of E. globulus is ground, powder boiled in water, solution added onto barely soup and fed to chicken | Oral | SA01376 |
| Euphorbia cactus Boiss | Euphorbiaceae | Kolqual hamat | Shrub | Latex | Black leg | Cattle | Apply latex on the swollen part to protect the spread of the disease. Latex is also given in small amount with ‘enjera’ | Dermal, oral | SA01386 |
| Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex A.Nees) T. Anders | Acanthaceae | Shemeza | Shrub | Leaf, root | Blackleg | Cattle | Leaf and root of J. schimperiana is pounded with dried fruit of Ricinus communis. One bottle of the Solution is given to sick animal | Oral | SA01301 |
| Leaf | |||||||||
| Parasites | Cattle | Pounded leaf of J. schimperiana is mixed with malt powder of barely and two to three glass of ‘tella’ given to the animal | Oral | ||||||
| Equine | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Lepidium sativum L. | Brassicaceae | Shenfa | Herb | Seed | Dysentery | cattle | Seeds are crushed, powder mixed with finger milt bread and orally administered | Oral | SA01310 |
| sheep | |||||||||
| goat | |||||||||
| cenoresis | sheep | Crushed seed of L. sativum and bulb of A. sativum is are mixed with cold water and a cup of solution is given to the animal | Oral | ||||||
| goat | |||||||||
| Diarrhoea | Cattle | Seed of Lepidium sativum are ground, powdered mixed with crushed bulb of A. sativum and given to the animal | Dermal | ||||||
| Bloating | Cattle | Seed of L. sativum and bulb of Allium sativum are crushed together, mixed with water and given to cattle | Dermal | ||||||
| Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. | Lamiaceae | Sewa Kerni | Shrub | Leaf | Internal parasites | Sheep | Leaves are crushed and squeezed, mixed with crushed bulb of Allium sativum, solution is then filtered and applied nasally | Nasal | SA01383 |
| Goat | |||||||||
| Premna oligotricha L. | Lamiaceae | Sasa hadima | Shrub | Leaf | Internal parasites | Sheep | Leaves are crushed, squeezed and given to sick animal | Nasal | SA01325 |
| Goat | |||||||||
| Leaf | Pasterellosis | Sheep | Leaves are pounded with bulb of A. sativum, squeezed and solution given to sick animal | Nasal | |||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Linum usitatissimum L. | Lineaaceae | Entatie | H.erb | Seed | Placental retention | Cattle | Seeds of L. usitatissimum are powdered and half a glass of powder is dissolved in water and given to cattle | Oral | SA01386 |
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Melia azedarach L. | Meliaceae | Nim | Tree | Leaf | Tick ulcer | Cattle | Leaves are rushed and rubbed on lymphagities ulcer | Dermal | SA01382 |
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Nicotiana glauca R. Grah. | Solanaceae | Tenbish/ cherged | Shrub | Leaf | External parasites | Cattle | Leaves crushed and rubbed on the skin of the animal | Dermal | SA01391 |
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum L. | Solanaceae | Tumbako | Herb | Leaf, root | Plant toxin (toxicosis) | Cattle | Leaves and root are dried, powdered, mixed with salted water and a cup of the solution is given for one day the poisoned animal | Oral | SA01308 |
| Goat | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Leaf | Leech infestation | Cattle | Leaves are crushed, squeezed and a cup of solution is nasally applied | Nasal | |||||
| Leech infestation | Cattle | Crushed and baked leaves are pounded, added on half litre of water and given to affected animal | Oral | ||||||
| Trypanosomiasis | Cattle | Leaves are crushed and baked, mixed with water and solution given to sick animal | Oral | ||||||
| Otostegia integrifolia Benth. | Lamiaceae | Cheendog | Shrub | Whole plant | Ecto- parasites infestation | Cattle | Fumigate the plant in the house where the animals are kept | Dermal | SA01357 |
| Equine | |||||||||
| Poultry | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Phytolacca dodecandra L’Herit. | Phytolaccaceae | Shebti | Shrub | Leaf | Rabies | Cattle | Leaves are crushed with leaves of C. mycrostachyus, squeezed and a cup of juice mixed with ‘tella’ is given to the animal | Oral | SA01387 |
| Equine | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Scabies and external parasite infestation | Cattle | Leaves are crushed with little water and paste rubbed on the skin. The skin is then washed after thirty minutes | Dermal | ||||||
| sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Rhoicissus tridentata (L. f.) Wild & Drummond | Vitaceae | Hareg temen | Climber | Root/Stem | Snake bite | Cattle | Root /stem is crushed, squeezed, mixed with cold water and a cup of solution is given only once to the animal | Oral | SA01344 |
| Goat | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Equine | |||||||||
| Ricinus communis L. | Euphobiaceae | Gulie | Shrub | Root | Sudden Sickness | Cattle | Roots of R. communis and Justica schimperiana are pounded, mixed with cold water and a cup of the solution is to the sick animal | Oral | SA01377 |
| Fruit | Anthrax | Cattle | Dried fruits are ground, powder mixed with cold water and a cup of solution is given the sick animal | Oral | |||||
| Root | Actinomycosis | Cattle | Root is pounded by adding table salt and ash and mixed with water, solution is filtered and two glasses of it are to the sick animal | Oral | |||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Fruit | Epizoitic lymphagities | Cattle | Dried fruits are pounded and mixed with exudate of Aloe megalacantha and paste applied on ulcerated skin | Dermal | |||||
| Equine | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Rhamnus prinoides L'Herit. | Rhamnaceae | Gesh | Shrub | Leaf | Plant toxin (toxicosis) | Cattle | Leaves are crushed into powdered and mixed with malt of barely or oil or dissolved soap and one or two cups of the solution is given to the poisoned animal | Oral | SA01350 |
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Ruta chalepensis L. | Rutaceae | Chena adam | Herb | Leaf | Coccsidiosis | Poultry | Whole part of the plant, root of J. schimperiana and bark of C. mycrostachyus are pounded together and paste given to chicken by mixing it ‘enjera’ or water | Oral | SA01380 |
| Salvia schimperi Benth. | Lamiaceae | Meshendedo | Herb | Leaf | Foot and mouth disease | Cattle | Leaves are crushed, mixed with honey and dressed on the affected part of the animal | Dermal | SA01355 |
| Goat | |||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Solanum marginatum L. f. | Solonaceae | Abiyi engule | Shrub | Fruit | Urinary retention | Cattle | Fruits are crushed, pounded, two to three spoons of powder is mixed with cold water and a cup of solution is given to the sick animal | Oral | SA01313 |
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat | |||||||||
| Tuberculosis | Cattle | Fruits are crushed, pounded, two to three spoons of powder is mixed with cold water and a cup of solution is given to the sick animal until recovery | Oral | ||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| Goat |