Table 1.
Parental BMI, socioeconomic position and family structure, by gender, age and weight status of children
| Boys | Girls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger 1 | Older 2 | Younger 1 | Older 2 | |||||
| Child’s weight status | Normal weight N (%) | Overweight 3 N (%) | Normal weight N (%) | Overweight 3 N (%) | Normal weight N (%) | Overweight 3 N (%) | Normal weight N (%) | Overweight 3 N (%) |
| 1105 (87.1) | 163 (12.9) | 667 (76.2) | 208 (23.8) | 1083 (83.0) | 222 (17.0) | 768 (79.9) | 193 (20.1) | |
| Paternal BMI | ||||||||
| <25 | 419 (42.1) | 40 (27.0) | 227 (39.3) | 37 (21.3) | 415 (42.5) | 54 (27.3) | 274 (40.2) | 60 (38.0) |
| 25 - <30 | 465 (46.7) | 65 (43.9) | 279 (48.3) | 95 (54.6) | 450 (46.1) | 99 (50.0) | 323 (47.4) | 66 (41.8) |
| > = 30 | 112 (11.2) | 43 (29.1) | 72 (12.5) | 42 (24.1) | 112 (11.5) | 45 (22.7) | 84 (12.3) | 32 (20.3) |
| Total N (%) | 996 (100) | 148 (100) | 578 (100) | 174 (100) | 977 (100) | 198 (100) | 681 (100) | 158 (100) |
| Maternal BMI | ||||||||
| <25 | 720 (66.5) | 70 (44.9) | 406 (63.8) | 75 (39.3) | 700 (66.2) | 99 (46.9) | 458 (62.7) | 82 (45.3) |
| 25 - <30 | 256 (23.7) | 44 (28.2) | 171 (26.9) | 80 (41.9) | 249 (23.5) | 67 (31.8) | 200 (27.4) | 64 (35.4) |
| > = 30 | 106 (9.8) | 42 (26.9) | 59 (9.3) | 36 (18.8) | 109 (10.3) | 45 (21.3) | 73 (10) | 35 (19.3) |
| Total N (%) | 1082 (100) | 156 (100) | 636 (100) | 191 (100) | 1058 (100) | 211 (100) | 731 (100) | 181 (100) |
| Paternal labour market status | ||||||||
| Full-time employed | 896 (85.3) | 134 (86.5) | 533 (86) | 160 (83.8) | 894 (85.6) | 190 (90.9) | 615 (84.9) | 153 (86.9) |
| Unemployed | 42 (4.0) | 4 (2.6) | 25 (4.0) | 7 (3.7) | 46 (4.4) | 4 (1.9) | 37 (5.1) | 5 (2.8) |
| Other | 113 (10.8) | 17 (11) | 62 (10.0) | 24 (12.6) | 105 (10.0) | 15 (7.2) | 72 (9.9) | 18 (10.2) |
| Total N (%) | 1051 (100) | 155 (100) | 620 (100) | 191 (100) | 1045 (100) | 209 (100) | 724 (100) | 176 (100) |
| Maternal labour market status | ||||||||
| Full-time employed | 559 (51) | 87 (53.7) | 496 (75.5) | 150 (72.8) | 547 (50.6) | 128 (57.9) | 555 (73.1) | 140 (73.7) |
| Unemployed | 64 (5.8) | 14 (8.6) | 26 (4.0) | 22 (10.7) | 90 (8.3) | 14 (6.3) | 46 (6.1) | 6 (3.2) |
| Other | 473 (43.2) | 61 (37.7) | 135 (20.5) | 34 (16.5) | 443 (41.0) | 79 (35.7) | 158 (20.8) | 44 (23.2) |
| Total N (%) | 1096 (100) | 162 (100) | 657 (100) | 206 (100) | 1080 (100) | 221 (100) | 759 (100) | 190 (100) |
| Paternal education | ||||||||
| Secondary education | 519 (50.9) | 106 (70.2) | 337 (55.2) | 117 (64.3) | 568 (56.2) | 119 (59.2) | 397 (58) | 106 (63.5) |
| Lower academic degree | 310 (30.4) | 30 (19.9) | 162 (26.6) | 44 (24.2) | 267 (26.4) | 57 (28.4) | 184 (26.9) | 45 (26.9) |
| Upper academic degree | 190 (18.6) | 15 (9.9) | 111 (18.2) | 21 (11.5) | 176 (17.4) | 25 (12.4) | 104 (15.2) | 16 (9.6) |
| Total N (%) | 1019 (100) | 151 (100) | 610 (100) | 182 (100) | 1011 (100) | 201 (100) | 685 (100) | 167 (100) |
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| Secondary education | 358 (33.5) | 73 (46.8) | 246 (38.1) | 94 (47.2) | 366 (35.4) | 84 (39.6) | 260 (35.9) | 74 (41.3) |
| Lower academic degree | 487 (45.5) | 64 (41.0) | 289 (44.7) | 81 (40.7) | 457 (44.2) | 98 (46.2) | 348 (48.0) | 88 (49.2) |
| Upper academic degree | 225 (21.0) | 19 (12.2) | 111 (17.2) | 24 (12.1) | 210 (20.3) | 30 (14.2) | 117 (16.1) | 17 (9.5) |
| Total N (%) | 1070 (100) | 156 (100) | 646 (100) | 199 (100) | 1033 (100) | 212 (100) | 725 (100) | 179 (100) |
| Self-reported income sufficiency | ||||||||
| Difficult | 262 (24.0) | 35 (21.9) | 146 (22.0) | 45 (22.1) | 274 (25.6) | 49 (22.4) | 157 (20.7) | 58 (30.9) |
| Quite easy | 453 (41.4) | 74 (46.3) | 272 (41.0) | 94 (46.1) | 434 (40.5) | 103 (47.0) | 342 (45.2) | 74 (39.4) |
| Easy | 378 (34.6) | 51 (31.9) | 245 (37.0) | 65 (31.9) | 363 (33.9) | 67 (30.6) | 258 (34.1) | 56 (29.8) |
| Total N (%) | 1093 (100) | 160 (100) | 663 (100) | 204 (100) | 1071 (100) | 219 (100) | 757 (100) | 188 (100) |
| Family structure | ||||||||
| Nuclear family | 904 (82.7) | 135 (84.4) | 463 (70.9) | 146 (71.9) | 894 (83.6) | 181 (82.3) | 550 (72.9) | 123 (65.8) |
| Reconstituted family | 45 (4.1) | 6 (3.8) | 62 (9.5) | 11 (5.4) | 37 (3.5) | 12 (5.5) | 59 (7.8) | 21 (11.2) |
| Single parent family | 118 (10.8) | 18 (11.3) | 103 (15.8) | 41 (20.2) | 117 (10.9) | 26 (11.8) | 129 (17.1) | 36 (19.3) |
| Others | 26 (2.4) | 1 (0.6) | 25 (3.8) | 5 (2.5) | 21 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 16 (2.1) | 7 (3.7) |
| Total N (%) | 1093 (100) | 160 (100) | 653 (100) | 203 (100) | 1069 (100) | 220 (100) | 754 (100) | 187 (100) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index.
1 Younger, ca 3–8 years.
2 Older, ca 11–16 years.
3 Overweight according to the international cut-off points by IOTF [14].