Fig. 3.

Atomic expansion dynamics of an ensemble of amyloid-like microcrystals measured using 4D electron microscopy. (A) Plots of the relative expansion of the amyloid-like microcrystals as a function of time. (B) Schematics of the expansion of the amyloid microcrystals' paired β-sheet structure. Individual β-strands, connected by interbackbone hydrogen bonds (black dashed lines), are shown as cyan ribbons. The interstrand separation is 4.8 Å, whereas the intersheet separation is 10.4 Å. The ensemble of 3D microcrystals displays an expansion of the β-sheets (along the [1 1 0] direction) of 9.2 $\pm$ 0.8$\times {10}^{-4}$ (red arrow), whereas the dynamics along the [8 0 2] direction shows that there is a much larger expansion of 46 $\pm$ 11$\times {10}^{-4}$ (green arrow) in the sheet–sheet direction.