| Bovine[46] |
Abundant production of virus. Different strains of virus, both mucosal and cutaneous. |
Animals are too large to be practical for use in laboratory studies. |
| Primate[47] |
Closely allied with the human system. |
High cost and challenging for many institutions. |
| Canine[48] |
Both mucosal and cutaneous. |
Lesions regress rapidly. High cost. |
| Rabbit CRPV model[43,44] |
NZW rabbit is a docile laboratory animal. Cancers occur without applied cofactors. Both progressive and regressive strains are available. DNA is infectious. |
Virus is cutaneous-tropic. Minimal virus is produced in the domestic rabbit. Wild rabbits, the natural host, are difficult to house and maintain. |
| Rabbit ROPV model [49] |
Mucosal virus infects both tongue and genital tissues. Natural host is the domestic rabbit. Lesions are highly productive of virus. |
Lesions regress quickly. Virus is somewhat unstable and viral DNA is difficult to clone in bacteria.(unpublished observations) |
| Transgenic mouse models[3,50,51] |
Oncogenes E6 and E7 can be studied both separately and together. |
The virus, itself, is not present in these animals. Oncogenes are expressed from heterologous promoters. |
| Mastomys coucha model[52] |
Genital tissues are among those infected. Animals are co-infected with McPV2 and MnPV allowing for study of dual infections. |
Host is a wild rodent from Africa. There is a single outbred colony in the laboratory in Germany. |
| Pseudovirus infections in mouse and simian vaginal tissues[9,42] |
Early entry events can be studied using reporter gene encapsidated by human papillomavirus capsids. |
NOT a virus infection, although often described as such. Reporter protein signal is transient and does not persist beyond 72 hours. |
