Table 2. The protective effect of various flavonoids on retinal cell lines against oxidative stress induced cell death in terms of effective (EC50) and lethal (LD50) concentrations.
| ARPE-19 [40] | RPE159 [40] | RGC-5 [39] | RGC-5[38] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoid class | Common name | EC50 (μM) | LD50 (μM) | EC50 (μM) | LD50 (μM) | EC50 (μM) | EC50 (μM) | ||||
| t-BOOH | H2O2 | t-BOOH | H2O2 | IAA | Post-IAA | Glutamate plus BSO | t-BOOH | ||||
| Flavone | Apigenin | No | No | <50 | - | - | 15 | No | |||
| Baicalein | 14 | No | 84 | 8 | 21 | ≫100 | 3.5 | 8 | 3 | 10 | |
| Luteolin | 14 | 9 | 104 | 2 | 3 | >50 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 2 | 7 | |
| Flavonol | Galangin | 32 | 31 | 112 | 26 | 61 | 70 | 7.5 | 30 | 10 | 50 |
| Fisetin | 15 | 11 | 101 | 3 | 5 | >50 | 8 | 17 | 15 | 10 | |
| Kaempferol | No | No | ∼50 | ∼50 | No | ∼50 | 1 | No | |||
| Quercetin | 18 | 19 | 230 | 6 | 11 | >50 | 14 | 24 | 17 | 18 | |
| Myricetin | No | No | >50 | >50 | No | ≫50 | No | - | |||
| Isoflavone | Genistein | No | No | ≫50 | No | No | >50 | 100 | No | ||
| Flavanone | Naringenin | No | No | ≫50 | No | No | ≫50 | No | - | ||
| Eiodictyol | 6 | 17 | 153 | 7 | 11 | >100 | 20 | 34 | 5 | 25 | |
| Hesperetin | 50 | - | |||||||||
| Flavanol | Catechin | No | No | >50 | No | No | ≫50 | No | - | ||
| Epicatechin, | No | No | >50 | No | No | ≫50 | 50 | No | |||
| epicatechin-3-gallate | No | No | >50 | 22 | 30 | >100 | No | - | |||
| Anthocyanidin | Cyanidin | No | No | >100 | No | No | >50 | No | - | ||
No: Little or no efficacy upto 50 μM
t-BOOH: Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide
IAA: Idoacetic acid
BSO: Buthionine sulphoximine