Table 1.
Sample characteristics at T0 (in 2005) for those who subsequently migrated to urban destinations and stayed, rural-urban-rural return migrants, and respondents who remained in rural Kanchanaburi: Means (standard deviations) or percentages (n)
| Characteristics | Rural-to-Urban Migrants (N = 179) | Rural-Urban-Rural Return Migrants (N = 113) | Kanchanaburi Residents (N = 2,217) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean years: 18-29) | 21 07 (3 11)***, *** | 22.86 (3.67)*** | 24.37 (3.43) |
| Sex (%) | |||
| Male | 48.6 (87)*, ** | 59.3 (67)*** | 36.9 (819) |
| Female | 51.4 (92) | 40.7 (46) | 63.1 (1,398) |
| Marital status (%) | |||
| Single | 63.1 (113)***, *** | 42.5 (48)*** | 25.4 (563) |
| Married | 34.1 (61)**, *** | 52.2 (59)*** | 72.0 (1,597) |
| Divorced, widowed, separated | 2.8 (5)n.s., n.s. | 5.3 (6)† | 2.6 (57) |
| Occupation (%) | |||
| Professional | 5.0 (9)n.s., † | 6.2 (7)n.s. | 8.3 (185) |
| Skilled | 31.8(57)**, *** | 50.4 (57)n.s. | 50.3 (1,116) |
| Manual labor | 19.6 (35)n.s., n.s. | 19.5 (22)n.s. | 16.8 (373) |
| Student | 34.6 (62)***, *** | 10.6 (12)** | 4.0 (88) |
| Not working | 8.9 (16)n.s., *** | 13.3 (15)* | 20.5 (455) |
| Education (%) | |||
| None | 1.1 (2)**, *** | 7.1 (8)n.s. | 10.1 (225) |
| Primary (1-6 yrs) | 24.0 (43)***, *** | 44.2 (50)n.s. | 40.9 (906) |
| Secondary (7-12 yrs) | 58.1 (104)**, *** | 42.5 (48)n.s. | 40.9 (906) |
| Undergraduate/masters (13+ yrs.) | 16.8 (30)**, *** | 6.2 (7)n.s. | 8.1 (179) |
| Birthplace (%) | |||
| This village/tambon | 73.2 (131)n.s., *** | 67.3 (76)* | 57.8 (1,281) |
| Other district/province | 26.3 (47)n.s., * | 31.0 (35)n.s. | 32.8 (728) |
| Other country | 0.6 (1)n.s., *** | 1.8 (2)** | 9.3 (207) |
| Previous migration (%) | |||
| Migrated between July 2004 and 2005 survey | 41.9 (75)n.s., *** | 48.7 (55)*** | 28.8 (638) |
n.s
p > .10
†
p < .10
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001