Fig. 3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and pulse-wave Doppler spectrograms of patient 1 and patient 2 before and after Pipeline embolization device deployment.

The simulations and spectrograms show the velocity field at different points near and inside the aneurysm. S1 through S4 represent four quadrants within the aneurysmal sac. The flow waveforms and amplitudes of the velocity field obtained by pulse-wave Doppler ultrasonography at the inlet and outlet vessels, as well as the four quadrants of the aneurysm, are consistent with computer simulation results for both patients. Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PComA, posterior communicating artery; pICA, proximal internal carotid artery; dICA, distal internal carotid artery.