Table 3. LV torsion data from speckle tracking echocardiography.
| Variables | Value, mean±SD (range) |
|---|---|
| Early systolic twist | |
| Basal rotation (deg) | 3.4±1.9 (0.1-7.5) |
| Apical rotation (deg) | 0.1±2.0 (-4.8-6.2) |
| Peak early systolic twist (deg) | -3.3±1.7 (-8.4--0.1) |
| Peak early systolic torsion (deg/cm) | -0.6±0.3 (-1.8--0.3) |
| Time to peak early systolic torsion (% ST) | 20±7 (3-33) |
| Systolic twist | |
| Basal rotation (deg) | -5.0±2.6 |
| Apical rotation (deg) | 13.9±5.0 |
| Peak basal rotation velocity (deg/s) | -82.8±25.9 |
| Peak apical rotation velocity (deg/s) | 101.3±37.6 |
| Peak systolic twist (deg) | 17.0±6.5 |
| Peak systolic torsion (deg/cm) | 2.9±1.3 |
| Peak systolic twist velocity (deg/s) | 142±48 |
| Peak torsion velocity, (deg/s)/cm | 24.9±11.0 |
| Time to peak twist (% ST) | 92±5 |
| Time to peak twist velocity (% ST) | 51±13 |
| Diastolic untwist | |
| LV untwisting during IVRT (deg) | -3.4±2.5 |
| LV untwisting velocity during IVRT (deg/s) | -98±66 |
| Isovolumic untwisting recoil (%)* | 20±15 |
| Isovolumic untwisting recoil rate (%/ms)† | 0.55±0.38 |
| Peak untwisting velocity (deg/s) | -158.0±61.4 |
| Peak untwisting velocity-N, (deg/s)/cm | -27.6±12.8 |
| Time to peak untwisting velocity (% DT) | 13.8±11.5 |
*LV untwisting during IVRT/peak LV twist×100, †Isovolumic untwisting recoil/ IVRT. LV: left ventricular, ST: systolic time, N: normalized by left ventricular length, IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time, DT: diastolic time