Table 3.

 Least Squared Estimates of (1)with Market Structure Measured as the nlhhi Within a Market That Captures all Hospitals Within the 95th Percentile of each GP’s Maximum Travel Distance

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
2002–5 Trend	−0.0018***	−0.0026	−0.0024***	−0.0023***	−0.0024***
	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)
2006–8 Trend	−0.0004**	−0.0014**	−0.0014**	−0.0014**	−0.0014**
	(0.0004)	(0.0004)	(0.0004)	(0.0004)	(0.0004)
2002–5 Trend ×  nlhhi	0.0004*	0.0003	0.0002	0.0001	0.0002
	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)
2006–8 Trend × nlhhi	−0.0013**	−0.0013**	−0.0014**	−0.0013**	−0.0014***
	(0.0004)	(0.0004)	(0.0005)	(0.0004)	(0.0005)
nlhhi	−0.0017	0.0020	−0.0015	−0.0014	−0.0015
	(0.0023)	(0.0022)	(0.0028)	(0.0027)	(0.0028)
Patient characteristics	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hospital fixed effects	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
GP fixed effects	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
N	422,350	422,350	422,350	422,350	422,350
R2	0.036	0.105	0.126	0.125	0.126

^*Significant at 5% level.

^**Significant at 1%.

^***Significant at 0.1%. Dependent variable = 1 if patient died within 30 days of their admission to hospital following an emergency AMI. Hospital characteristics: hospital type (foundation trust, teaching hospital or traditional acute hospital), number of AMIs treated at the hospital per year. Patient characteristics: age, gender, Charlson comorbidity score and patient socioeconomic status measured using the income component of the 2004 Index of Multiple Deprivations at the output area. Standard errors are clustered on GP-practices. AMI, acute myocardial infarction.