Table 6.

 Alternative Regression Specification with Market Structure Measured as the nlhhi Within a Market that Captures all Hospitals Within the 95th Percentile of each GP’s Maximum Travel Distance

Standard difference-in-difference		Time trend interactions & post * nlhhi interaction		Year-post dummies * nlhhi
Post	−0.0267***	2002–5 Trend	−0.0023***	2003_Post	−0.0072*
	(0.0020)		(0.0002)		(0.0032)
Post × nlhhi	−0.0038*	2006–8 Trend	−0.0013**	2004_Post	−0.0123***
	(0.0019)		(0.0005)		(0.0031)
Nlhhi	−0.0030	2002–5 Trend × nlhhi	0.0000	2005_Post	−0.0097**
	(0.0022)		(0.0002)		(0.0032)
		2006–8 Trend × nlhhi	−0.0015**	2006_Post	−0.0091**
(0.0004)	(00033)
nlhhi	0.0004	2007_Post	−0.0027
	(0.0035)		(0.0035)
Post	−0.0024	2008_Post	−0.0082*
	(0.0029)		(0.0036)
Post × nlhhi	0.0029	2003_Post × nlhhi	−0.0023
	(0.0031)		(0.0036)
		2004_Post × nlhhi	0.0027
(0.0034)
2005_Post × nlhhi	0.0025
	(0.0035)
2006_Post × nlhhi	−0.0015
	(0.0038)
2007_Post × nlhhi	−0.0077*
	(0.0038)
2007_Post × nlhhi	−0.0018
	(0.0037)
nlhhi	−0.0001
	(0.0031)
F-test p-value		All time trends	0.0000
		Trends * nlhhi	0.0018
		Post & post * nlhhi	0.4470
Patient characteristics	Yes		Yes		Yes
Hospital fixed effects	Yes		Yes		Yes
GP fixed effects	Yes		Yes		Yes
N	422,350		422,350		422,350
R2	0.125		0.126		0.126

^*Significant at 5% level.

^**Significant at 1%.

^***Significant at 0.1%. Dependent variable = 1 if patient died within 30-days of their admission to hospital following an emergency AMI. Hospital characteristics: Hospital type (foundation trust, teaching hospital or traditional acute hospital), number of AMIs treated at the hospital per year. Patient characteristics: age, gender, Charlson comorbidity score, patient socioeconomic status measured using the income component of the 2004 Index of Multiple Deprivations at the output area. Standard errors are clustered on GP-practices. AMI, acute myocardial infarction.