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. 2014 May 20;175(2):242–258. doi: 10.1111/boj.12168

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© 2014 The Authors Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Linnean Society of London.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Explanatory sketches of the three gynostemium types identified in Madagascan Bulbophyllum. In Type I individuals, an erect and distinctly protruding rostellum separates the pollinia inside the anther from the stigmatic cavity below, ensuring outcrossing. In Type II individuals, the rostellum is practically lacking and apparently unable to act as a physical barrier to prevent selfing. Type III individuals (only Bulbophyllum bicoloratum) display a well-developed but sub-erect (‘displaced’) rostellum with stigmatic function facilitating auto-pollination (Gamisch et al., 2013). a, anther; c, column; dr, displaced (sub-erect) rostellum; r, rostellum; s, stigmatic cavity; st, stelidium. Drawings by A. Gamisch.