Table 3. Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis: effectiveness determined by risk-domain asthma control and overall control (risk and impairment).
|
UK study population
|
US study population
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extrafine ICS (n=865) | SSP ICS (n=865) | Extrafine ICS (n=2578) | SSP ICS (n=7734) | |
| Adjusted OR for risk-domain asthma control | 1.20 (0.93–1.57)a | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.96–1.15)b | 1.00 |
| Adjusted proportion controlled | 0.68 (0.60–0.76)a | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | 0.52 (0.50–0.55)b | 0.51 (0.49–0.53) |
| Difference relative to SSP ICS | 0.04 (−0.02–0.10) | — | 0.01 (−0.01–0.04) | — |
| Adjusted OR for overall control | 1.23 (1.01–1.50)c | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.08–1.31)d | 1.00 |
| Adjusted proportion controlled | 0.50 (0.49–0.56)c | 0.45 (0.40–0.50) | 0.32 (0.31–0.34)d | 0.29 (0.27–0.30) |
| Difference relative to SSP ICS | 0.05 (0.001–0.10) | — | 0.04 (0.02–0.06) | — |
| Adjusted mean asthma-related costs per patient per yeare | £145 (131–160) | £211 (190–232) | $1869 ($1727–2032) | $2259 ($2111–2404) |
| Difference relative to SSP ICS | −£66 (−93–−37) | — | −$390 (−$620–−$165) | |
95% confidence intervals (ranges in parentheses), other than those for ORs, were found using bootstrapping methods with 1000 random samples.
Costs are in 2007 UK£ and 2010 US$.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; SSP ICS, standard size-particle inhaled corticosteroid.
Adjusted for gastro-oesophageal reflux (GERD) diagnosis, number of consultations for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) resulting in a prescription for antibiotics and number of non-asthma-related consultations.
Adjusted for GERD diagnosis and/or therapy and numbers of paracetamol prescriptions, non-asthma-related consultations in primary care and lower respiratory-related hospitalisations and referrals.
Adjusted for GERD diagnosis, socioeconomic status and number of prescriptions for short-acting β-agonist.
Adjusted for GERD diagnosis and/or therapy, year of index date, and numbers of paracetamol prescriptions, prescriptions for asthma/allergies, and lower respiratory-related hospitalisations and referrals.
Adjusted for baseline asthma-related health-care costs (logged).