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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 25.
Published in final edited form as: Res Gerontol Nurs. 2014 Jul 15;7(6):249–255. doi: 10.3928/19404921-20140708-01

TABLE 2.

Characteristics of Participants by CES-D 8 Score (N = 58)

Variable CES-D 8 ≥ 7 (n = 18) CES-D 8 <7 (n = 40) Statistics p Value
n (%) Mean (SD) n (%) Mean (SD)
Depressive symptoms 11.0 (4.34) 2.65 (2.06) t(56) = −9.99 <0.001
Demographic
  Age 71.3 (13.1) 78.3 (10.7) t(56) = 2.14 0.040
  Sex
    Female 12 (66.7) 31 (77.5) χ2(1, N = 56) = 0.76 0.510
  Years of education 12.9 (2.10) 14.05 (3.32) t(56) = 1.29 0.200
Social
  Years of residency in the PHA 3.03 (2.74) 4.0 (4.39) t(56) = 0.87 0.390
  Loss of loved ones in the past year 11 (61.1) 12 (30) χ2(1, N = 56) = 5.02 0.030
  Financial worries 3.39 (1.42) 2.70 (1.09) t(56) = −2.02 0.048
Health-related
  Sum of CV risk factors 2.44 (1.46) 1.90 (1.35) t(56) = −1.38 0.170
  Cognitive function 8.83 (1.15) 8.63 (1.48) t(56) = −0.53 0.600

Note. CES-D 8 = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale 8; PHA = public housing apartment.