Table 1.

Descriptive data on all variables presented by city and gender

	Low Income				Affluent				Fcity	Fgender	FGender×City
	Girls (n = 151)		Boys (n = 149)		Girls (n = 150)		Boys (n = 164)
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Depression	10.90	8.95	10.02	7.80	7.28	5.92	9.59	7.74	8.21**	1.03	5.04*
Anxiety	11.95	6.88	11.86	6.76	8.44	5.57	8.07	6.33	37.91***	0.15	0.06
Cigarette, alcohol, marijuana use	0.70	1.80	0.27	0.65	0.24	0.65	0.79	1.83	0.06	0.19	14.10***
Delinquency	1.15	0.21	1.16	0.19	1.09	0.12	1.25	0.34	0.41	14.08***	12.76***
Teacher-rated competence	1.54	3.11	−0.21	3.41	1.23	2.51	−0.76	3.71	1.78	39.29***	0.13
Academic achievement	0.14	1.71	−0.15	1.98	0.44	1.71	−0.36	1.88	0.07	10.16**	2.29
Attachment to
Mother	103.17	17.37	106.67	13.69	106.58	14.65	103.01	16.36	0.00	0.01	5.63*
Father	96.69	19.47	99.73	20.84	99.16	18.12	99.88	16.50	0.58	0.83	0.24
Parental
Criticism	9.37	3.75	8.66	3.75	7.60	3.65	8.31	4.02	9.69**	0.01	4.49*
Expectations	16.15	4.60	16.33	4.58	12.91	4.41	14.21	4.88	40.01***	2.36	2.07
Values (personal character)	0.52	0.30	0.60	0.30	0.59	0.31	0.50	0.32	0.29	0.06	9.55**
									${\chi }_{\text{city}}^2$	${\chi }_{\text{gender}}^2$	${\chi }_{\text{Gender}\times \text{City}}^2$
After-school supervision (%)									3.81*	1.22	0.00
Adult	76.5		61.5		85.7		74.5
No adult	23.5		38.5		14.3		25.5
Dinner-time supervision (%)									1.85	0.14	0.46
Parent(s)	80.5		85.5		86.5		87.0
No parent	19.5		14.5		13.5		13.0

Note: All mean comparisons based on pairwise deletion; F statistics with (1, 473) degrees of freedom were used for testing each effect. All percentage comparisons were tested with Wald’s χ² in logistic regressions.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p ≤ .01.

^***p ≤ .001.