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. 2015 Apr;23(4):607–615. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.012

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© 2015 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Histological changes at 12 months in knee joints of Nov^del3−/− males compared with Nov^del3+/+ males. A, B: safranin O staining. Increased staining seen in the meniscus (m), articular cartilage (ac), collateral ligament (l), cruciate ligament (cl) and synovium (*) (A, B). Note expansion of fibrocartilage stained with safanin O in the collateral ligament (l) (A) and cruciate ligament (cl) (arrowheads) (B). C: H and E staining of joint margins showing the presence of osteophytic outgrowths (op) in Nov^del3−/− males (C), but not in Nov^del3+/+ control. D: Alkaline phosphatase staining of adjacent section shown in C. Positive staining of the osteophytes with the osteoblast marker alakaline phosphatase (AlkPhos) (D). E: Immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA antibody, counterstained with haematoxlyin. Proliferating cells expressing PCNA (black arrowhead) were found in ligaments (l), synovium (s) and in the groups of cells in the margins of the meniscus in Nov^del3−/− males. Negative cells indicated by white arrow. Scale bar 100 μm.