Fig 4. The PACAP antagonist PACAP6–38 blocks the PACAP- and BDNF- induced increase in axon length.

Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured with 10 nM PACAP or 2 nM BDNF in the presence or absence of 1 μM PACAP6–38 for 3 DIV and double-immunostained for pNF and MAP2. Representative pNF- (red) and MAP2- (green) immunostained images of neurons (A), axon length (B), and dendrite length (C) were shown. Values represent mean ± SEM of 60 neurons from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01 vs. control, ^## P < 0.01 vs. without PACAP6–38, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test. Scale bar, 20 μm.