Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status at baseline in the Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study
| Baseline characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No T2DM | T2DM | P-value | No T2DM | T2DM | P-value | |
| No. of subjects | 55 485 | 5798 | 65 626 | 7416 | ||
| Mean age at baseline, years | 54.90 ± 9.63 | 59.66 ± 9.65 | <0.0001 | 51.91 ± 8.91 | 57.78 ± 8.58 | <0.0001 |
| Education, % | ||||||
| ≤Elementary school | 6.30 | 10.53 | 19.14 | 40.74 | ||
| Middle school | 33.46 | 34.40 | 37.94 | 30.78 | ||
| High school | 36.69 | 30.20 | 28.93 | 19.28 | ||
| ≥Prof/Tech/College | 23.55 | 24.87 | <0.0001 | 13.99 | 9.20 | <0.0001 |
| Income, %† | ||||||
| Low | 55.24 | 54.33 | 15.58 | 20.75 | ||
| Low–middle | 42.52 | 43.65 | 38.07 | 39.72 | ||
| Middle–high | 1.86 | 1.71 | 28.47 | 24.75 | ||
| High | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.3000 | 17.88 | 14.78 | <0.0001 |
| Physical exercise, MET h/week | 59.54 ± 34.10 | 60.35 ± 35.57 | 0.1000 | 106.9 ± 45.34 | 103.3 ± 43.49 | <0.0001 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 1918.2 ± 484.5 | 1822.7 ± 481.7 | <0.0001 | 1680.3 ± 401.5 | 1645.4 ± 438.3 | <0.0001 |
| Fruit intake, g/day | 155.9 ± 126.1 | 110.8 ± 119.2 | <0.0001 | 272.0 ± 178.4 | 199.2 ± 176.9 | <0.0001 |
| Vegetable intake, g/day | 341.4 ± 190.2 | 367.8 ± 216.2 | <0.0001 | 295.6 ± 168.9 | 304.6 ± 185.5 | <0.0001 |
| Red meat intake, g/day | 63.60 ± 44.75 | 60.18 ± 44.65 | <0.0001 | 51.38 ± 36.53 | 47.92 ± 37.53 | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.61 ± 3.06 | 24.80 ± 3.06 | <0.0001 | 23.78 ± 3.31 | 26.06 ± 3.71 | <0.0001 |
| Ever smoke, % | 70.23 | 63.73 | <0.0001 | 2.57 | 4.63 | <0.0001 |
| Ever drink alcohol, % | 34.05 | 30.36 | <0.0001 | 2.29 | 1.87 | 0.0200 |
| Ever drink tea, % | 66.98 | 68.64 | 0.0100 | 30.05 | 28.60 | 0.0100 |
| Ever had chronic gastritis, % | 15.36 | 12.97 | <0.0001 | 19.83 | 17.93 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of stomach cancer, % | 6.31 | 7.32 | 0.0030 | 5.81 | 6.07 | 0.3700 |
†
Low, <10 000 yuan per family per year for women and <1000 yuan per person per month for men; Low–middle, 10 000–19 999 yuan per family per year for women and 1000–3000 yuan per person per month for men; Middle–high, 20 000–29 999 yuan per family per year for women and 3000–5000 yuan per person per month for men; High, ≥30 000 yuan per family per year for women and ≥5000 yuan per person per month for men. BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent.