Sec10 knockdown inhibits, while Sec10 overexpression enhances, primary ciliogenesis. We grew control, Sec10 overexpressing (Sec10 OE), and Sec10 knockdown (KD) cells on Transwell filters for 14 days. The cells were fixed in glutaraldehyde and electron microscopy (EM) was performed (Phillips XL20 SEM). Confirming the results by IF and scanning EM (SEM) (data not shown here), by transmission EM (TEM) primary cilia were longer in Sec10 OE cells compared to control cells and were rarely identified in Sec10 KD cells. Bar =0.5 μm. (Zuo et al., 2009) (Reproduced with reproduced with permission from Molecular Biology of the Cell).