Knockdown of sec10 phenocopies loss of pkd2. (A–F) Gross phenotypes of zebrafish embryos at 3 dpf, lateral view, 4× magnification. Uninjected embryo (A), 4ng pkd2MO embryo with a severe curly tail up, small eyes, and glomerular edema (B), 15ng sec10MO embryo with a moderate curly tail up, small eyes and glomerular edema (C). A synergistic genetic interaction was observed upon co-injection of suboptimal doses of 0.25/2ng pkd2 MO+ 1 7.5ng sec10MO (D)—which do not result in curly tail up when injected alone (E, F). This suggests that exocyst sec10 and pkd2, one of two genes which are mutated in ADPKD, act in the same pathway. (Reproduced with permission from PLoS Genetics).