Table 2.
Personal and family history responses to the PPE-4 Monograph before and after review with a physician
| PPE-4 personal and family history | ||
|---|---|---|
| All students (1339) |
||
| Total positive (%) before physician evaluation | Total positive (%) after physician evaluation | |
| ≥1 Positive personal or family history response | 916 (68) | 421 (31) |
| Personal history questions | ||
| Have you ever had discomfort, pain, tightness or pressure in your chest during exercise? | 377 (28) | 217 (16) |
| Do you get light-headed or feel more short of breath than expected during exercise? | 341 (25) | 210 (16) |
| Do you get more tired or short of breath more quickly than your friends during exercise? | 295 (22) | 165 (12) |
| Have you ever passed out or nearly passed out DURING or AFTER exercise? | 167 (12.5) | 126 (9) |
| Does your heart ever race or skip beats (irregular beats) during exercise? | 149 (11) | 100 (7.5) |
| Has a doctor ever ordered a test for your heart? (For example, an ECG/EKG, echocardiogram) | 116 (9) | 79 (6) |
| Has a doctor ever told you that you have any heart problems? If so, check all that apply: | 99 (7) | 70 (5) |
| Heart murmur | 54 (4) | 38 (2.8) |
| High blood pressure | 22 (1.6) | 16 (1) |
| High cholesterol | 7 (0.5) | 2 (<0.5) |
| Kawasaki disease | 2 (<0.5) | 2 (<0.5) |
| Unknown | 1 (<0.5) | 1 (<0.5) |
| Heart infection | 0 | 0 |
| Marfan syndrome | 0 | 0 |
| Have you ever had an unexplained seizure? | 19 (1.4) | 13 (1) |
| Family history questions | ||
| Does anyone in your family have a heart problem, pacemaker or implanted defibrillator? | 339 (25) | 165 (12) |
| Has any family member or relative died of a heart problem or had any unexpected or unexplained sudden death before age 50 (including drowning, unexplained car accident or sudden infant death syndrome)? | 211 (16) | 118 (9) |
| Has anyone in your family had unexplained fainting, unexplained seizures or near drowning? | 129 (10) | 77 (6) |
| Does anyone in your family have a known cause of SCD: | 46 (3.4) | 36 (2.7) |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 11 (0.8) | 10 (0.75) |
| Marfan syndrome | 4 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) |
| CPVT | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) |
| Short QT syndrome | 1 (<0.1) | 1 (<0.1) |
| Long QT syndrome | 1 (<0.1) | 1 (<0.1) |
| ARVC | 0 | 0 |
| Brugada syndrome | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 13 (1) | 11 (1) |
| Other | 11 (0.8) | 6 (0.5) |
ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; CPVT, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; PPE-4, Pre-participation Physical Evaluation 4th Edition; SCD, sudden cardiac death.