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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 26.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Lett. 2012 Jun 17;338(1):4–9. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.034

Table 2.

Anti-leukemic stem cell agents in clinical trials.

Target Name of inhibitor Clinical trial for AML
Cell surface antigen targeting therapy
CD123 DT388IL-3/SL-401, CSL360 Phase I/II
CD33 Gemtuzumab ozogamicin Phase III trials
Molecular targets
NF-κB Bortezomib Phase I/II/III
PI3K BKM120, CAL-101 Phase I
AKT GSK21110183, MK-2206, perifosine Phase I/II
mTOR Sirolimus, everolimus, temsirolimus Phase I/II
BCL-2 Olimersen sodium, obatoclax mesylate Phase I/II/III
Microenviroment
CXCR4 Plerixafor, G-CSF Phase I/II
HIF-1α Inhibitors in clinical trials for other malignancies N/A
Self-renewal, differentiation and other pathways
Wnt CWP232291 Phase I
Hedgehog Inhibitors in clinical trials for other malignancies N/A
Other mechanisms
Iron chelation Ciclopirox olamine Phase I
Mitochondrial translation Tigecycline Phase I