Table 2.

Univariable analysis of variables from history and physical examination

	Traumatic brain injury (Cases) N = 39	No traumatic brain injury (Controls) N = 156	p-value*
History
Loss of consciousness	25 (64%)	8 (5%)	<0.001
If Yes, then number who lost consciousness for > 1 minute (%)	24 (96%)	4 (50%)	<0.001
Difficult arousal (%)	27 (70%)	3 (2%)	<0.001
Vomiting (%)	11 (28%)	26 (17%)	0.113
Seizure activity (%)	6 (15%)	0 (0%)	<0.001
Confusion/Disorientation (%)	33 (85%)	3 (2%)	<0.001
(Preverbal) irritability (%) (N = 7 vs 22)	0 (0%)	1 (5%)	1
(Verbal) Headache (%) (N = 32 vs 130)	8 (25%)	45 (35%)	0.401
(Verbal) Amnesia (%) (N = 32 vs 131)	1 (3%)	6 (5%)	1
Physical examination
Signs of altered mental status (%)	36 (95%)	1 (1%)	<0.001
Presence of unequal pupils (%)	(26%)	(1%)	<0.001
Clinical signs of skull fracture (%)	2 (5%)	1 (1%)	0.103
Signs of base of skull fracture (%)	13 (33%)	4 (3%)	<0.001
Presence of scalp hematoma (%)	20 (51%)	36 (23%)	<0.001
Frontal (%) (N = 20 vs 36)	1 (5%)	13 (36%)	0.011
Presence of scalp laceration	7 (18%)	32 (21%)	0.825
(Preverbal) with open fontanelle (N = 7 vs 22)	4 (57%)	17 (77%)	0.357
Presence of tense fontanelle among those with open fontanelles (N = 4 vs 17)	3 (75%)	0 (0%)	0.03

*Chi-Square or Fisher Test when appropriate.