Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% CI) from logistic regression models for all race/ethnic groups combined.
| Characteristic | Overall health |
Play limitation |
ADL limitation | Missed school days (≥18 days) |
Overnight hospitalization |
Respiratory allergies |
Skin allergies |
Frequent headaches |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trend (Whites) | |||||||||
| Year | 1.001 (0.983,1.019) | 1.017 (0.991,1.043) | 1.029 (0.998,1.061) | 0.980* (0.962,0.998) | 0.997 (0.985,1.009) | 0.995 (0.989,1.002) | 1.042*** (1.032,1.052) | 0.985* (0.972,0.999) | |
| Race/ethnic (Ref: White) | |||||||||
| Black | 2.338*** (1.992,2.743) | 1.590*** (1.208,2.093) | 1.376 (0.997,1.897) | 0.734** (0.582,0.925) | 1.186* (1.041,1.351) | 0.915* (0.841,0.995) | 1.304*** (1.157,1.470) | 0.989 (0.836,1.171) | |
| Black × year | 0.991 (0.965,1.017) | 0.975 (0.932,1.020) | 0.977 (0.926,1.032) | 0.985 (0.946,1.026) | 0.978* (0.958,0.999) | 0.989 (0.975,1.003) | 1.018 (0.999,1.037) | 1.009 (0.983,1.035) | |
| Black × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Hispanic | 1.523*** (1.309,1.772) | 0.76 (0.561,1.030) | 0.916 (0.671,1.249) | 0.749** (0.613,0.915) | 0.874* (0.775,0.985) | 0.785*** (0.726,0.850) | 0.840* (0.735,0.959) | 0.805** (0.684,0.947) | |
| Hispanic × year | 1.007 (0.983,1.031) | 1.012 (0.964,1.063) | 1.014 (0.966,1.064) | 0.988 (0.957,1.021) | 1.002 (0.982,1.023) | 0.998 (0.986,1.011) | 1.011 (0.992,1.030) | 1.006 (0.981,1.032) | |
| Hispanic year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Asian | 0.779 (0.465,1.304) | 0.554 (0.222,1.383) | 1.473 (0.729,2.977) | 0.360** (0.171,0.760) | 0.697* (0.488,0.996) | 0.585*** (0.470,0.729) | 0.85 (0.653,1.107) | 0.457*** (0.307,0.679) | |
| Asian × year | 1.037 (0.965,1.113) | 0.949 (0.820,1.097) | 0.95 (0.856,1.055) | 1.048 (0.942,1.165) | 0.996 (0.945,1.050) | 1.018 (0.986,1.050) | 1.019 (0.982,1.057) | 1.005 (0.938,1.077) | |
| Asian × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Other | 1.712** (1.197,2.447) | 2.351* (1.179,4.690) | 2.378* (1.025,5.516) | 1.6 (0.937,2.731) | 0.982 (0.650,1.483) | 1.153 (0.886,1.502) | 1.153 (0.785,1.695) | 0.948 (0.603,1.491) | |
| Other × year | 1.032 (0.966,1.104) | 0.934 (0.841,1.037) | 0.979 (0.894,1.072) | 1.003 (0.916,1.098) | 1.003 (0.940,1.071) | 1.004 (0.965,1.044) | 1.047 (0.983,1.116) | 1.029 (0.960,1.104) | |
| Other × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
|
| |||||||||
| Characteristic | Asthma | ER visit due to asthma | Frequent Diarrhea | Ear infection | ADHD | Vision problems | Stutter/Stammer | Anemia | Autism |
|
| |||||||||
| Trend (Whites) | |||||||||
| Year | 1.009* (1.001,1.018) | 0.991 (0.963,1.020) | 0.999 (0.975,1.024) | 0.970*** (0.959,0.981) | 1.032*** (1.020,1.044) | 1.008 (0.988,1.028) | 1.013 (0.987,1.040) | 1.009 (0.977,1.042) | 1.153*** (1.113,1.194) |
| Race/ethnic (Ref: White) | |||||||||
| Black | 1.338*** (1.203,1.488) | 2.862*** (2.220,3.688) | 0.957 (0.719,1.273) | 0.671*** (0.578,0.780) | 0.629*** (0.537,0.736) | 1.547*** (1.223,1.955) | 1.757*** (1.371,2.251) | 3.166*** (2.290,4.378) | 1.671 (0.919,3.036) |
| Black × year | 1.030*** (1.012,1.047) | 0.997 (0.951,1.046) | 0.999 (0.952,1.049) | 0.988 (0.961,1.015) | 1.038** (1.013,1.063) | 0.896* (0.810,0.990) | 0.999 (0.958,1.043) | 0.838* (0.731,0.962) | 0.908* (0.832,0.991) |
| Black × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.010* (1.001,1.019) | 1.014* (1.002,1.026) | – | |
| Hispanic | 0.986 (0.887,1.096) | 1.613** (1.205,2.160) | 0.91 (0.699,1.185) | 0.676*** (0.596,0.767) | 0.469*** (0.390,0.565) | 1.003 (0.815,1.235) | 0.999 (0.767,1.303) | 1.503** (1.115,2.027) | 0.809 (0.453,1.446) |
| Hispanic × year | 1.011 (0.995,1.027) | 1.01 (0.961,1.061) | 1.016 (0.976,1.058) | 1.029** (1.009,1.049) | 1.004 (0.979,1.030) | 0.999 (0.966,1.033) | 1.026 (0.986,1.067) | 0.997 (0.952,1.045) | 0.987 (0.920,1.059) |
| Hispanic × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Asian | 0.909 (0.708,1.167) | 1.27 (0.636,2.539) | 0.516* (0.270,0.986) | 0.406*** (0.291,0.565) | 0.254*** (0.149,0.432) | 0.973 (0.593,1.596) | 0.330* (0.121,0.906) | 1.047 (0.490,2.235) | 0.375 (0.075,1.889) |
| Asian × year | 1.005 (0.969,1.042) | 0.974 (0.881,1.078) | 1.051 (0.961,1.150) | 1.024 (0.970,1.081) | 0.982 (0.910,1.060) | 0.969 (0.903,1.041) | 0.999 (0.872,1.144) | 0.977 (0.881,1.084) | 1.044 (0.855,1.274) |
| Asian × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Other | 1.583** (1.164,2.153) | 1.874 (0.811,4.330) | 1.21 (0.593,2.469) | 1.284 (0.775,2.129) | 0.776 (0.471,1.277) | 1.584 (0.842,2.979) | 1.602 (0.743,3.457) | 1.700 (0.702,4.120) | 2.915 (0.811,10.483) |
| Other × year | 1.003 (0.955,1.054) | 1.001 (0.878,1.142) | 0.963 (0.849,1.092) | 0.963 (0.889,1.043) | 1.007 (0.936,1.082) | 0.975 (0.880,1.080) | 1.034 (0.927,1.153) | 0.981 (0.848,1.134) | 0.950 (0.783,1.153) |
| Other × year2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Note: Year indicates survey year. Models are adjusted for age, sex, highest education in family, foreign born status, and health insurance status. Race by year-squared interactions are included only if significant (p < .05).
***
p < .001;
**
p < .01;
*
p < .05.
Source: National Health Interview Survey, 1998–2009.