Table 1. Clinical and demographic data for all participants and for various subgroups (data presented as mean ± SD).
| Group | All (n = 28) | NDR (n = 11) | DR (n = 17) | Wagner 0 (n = 9) | Wagner 1–5 (n = 19) | Wagner 1–5+DR (n = 13) | Wagner 1–5 +NDR (n = 6) | Wagner 0+NDR (n = 5) | Wagner0–1 (n = 13) | Wagner2–3 (n = 10) | Wagner4–5 (n = 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender [m/f] | 12/16 | 5/6 | 7/10 | 6/3 | 6/13 | 4/9 | 2/4 | 3/2 | 8/5 | 3/7 | 1/4 |
| Age [years] | 59±8.1 | 60.1±7.3 | 58.2±8.7 | 57.9±6.2 | 59.5±9 | 58.2±9 | 62.3±9.2 | 57.4±3.4 | 57.2±6.2 | 63.4±6.7 | 54.6±12 |
| Duration of DM [years] | 13.4±7.4 | 10.5±7.6 | 15.3±7 | 15±11.3 | 12.7±4.9 | 14.3±5 | 9.2±2.1 | 12.2±11.4 | 13.9±9 | 14.1±7 | 10.8±2.8 |
| HbA 1c [%] | 10.7±2.5 | 9.8±2.1 | 11.2±2.6 | 10.2±3.2 | 10.9±2.0 | 11.4±2.1 | 9.8±1.5 | 9.8±2.8 | 11.2±2.4 | 10.4±2.7 | 9.8±2.1 |
| NSS [points] | 5.9±2.8 | 6.6±1.6 | 5.5±3.3 | 5.1±3.6 | 6.3±2.3 | 6.1±2.6 | 6.8±1.3 | 6.4±2.1 | 6.2±2.9 | 5.4±3.3 | 6.4±0.9 |
| NDS [points] | 6.5±3.0 | 5.3±2.8 | 7.3±2.9 | 5.1±3.1 | 7.1±2.8 | 7.3±3.1 | 6.8±1.7 | 3.4±2.8 | 5.0±2.6 | 8.6±1.8 | 7.4±1.9 |
| Corneal sensation [mm] | 44±20 | 49±22 | 42±19 | 54±11 | 40±22 | 40±20 | 40±28 | 60±0 | 55±10 | 36±24 | 4.6±2.1 |
| ABI(ulcer) | 1.1±0.3 | 1.±0.4 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.2 | 0.9±0.5 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.3±0.1 |
| Nerve fibre density [μm/μm2] | 0.015±0.008 | 0.016±.007 | 0.014±0.008 | 0.017±0.007 | 0.014±0.009 | 0.014±0.009 | 0.013±0.007 | 0.02±0.005 | 0.018±0.01 | 0.014±0.004 | 0.008±0.003 |
| Nerve branches [n] | 180.7±152.3 | 185.9±03.4 | 177.3±180.1 | 198.9±99.1 | 172±173.7 | 187.3±20.2 | 138.8±98 | 242.4±86.1 | 237.4±197.4 | 163.1±74.6 | 68.3±11.8 |
| Connectivity points [n] | 19.8±12.9 | 18.6±9.2 | 20.6±15.1 | 23.7±11.7 | 17.9±13.4 | 19±15.5 | 15.6±7.7 | 22.1±10.4 | 24.7±14.3 | 19.6±10.4 | 7.4±2.6 |
| Average single fibre length [μm] | 22.4±5.5 | 25.2±4.5 | 20.5±5.3 | 22.6±4.1 | 22.3±6.1 | 20.8±6 | 25.5±5.6 | 24.9±3.5 | 23.6±5.1 | 20.7±5 | 22.7±7.4 |
ABI = Ankle-Brachial Index; DR = Diabetic retinopathy; NDR = No diabetic retinopathy; NDS = Neuropathy Disability Score; NSS = Neuropathy Symptom Score.