Table 1. Descriptive baseline characteristics of study participants according to COPD status (N = 26,927).
| Self-reported COPD only | CMS-identified COPD only | Both self-report and CMS | No COPD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1,769 | N = 2,750 | N = 1,463 | N = 20,945 | |
| Characteristic | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
| Race | ||||
| Whites | 592 (33.5) | 1,090 (39.6) | 835 (57.1) | 5,001 (23.9) |
| Blacks | 1,177 (66.5) | 1,660 (60.4) | 628 (42.9) | 15,944 (76.1) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 367 (20.8) | 1,159 (42.2) | 513 (35.1) | 6,930 (33.1) |
| Female | 1,402 (79.3) | 1,591 (57.9) | 950 (64.9) | 14,015 (66.9) |
| Race-sex | ||||
| Black Female | 938 (53.0) | 914 (33.2) | 399 (27.3) | 10,669 (50.9) |
| Black Male | 239 (13.5) | 746 (27.1) | 229 (15.7) | 5,275 (25.2) |
| White Female | 464 (26.2) | 677 (24.6) | 551 (37.7) | 3,346 (16.0) |
| White Male | 128 (7.2) | 413 (15.0) | 284 (19.4) | 1,655 (7.9) |
| Age at cohort entry, years | ||||
| 40–49 | 816 (46.1) | 687 (25.0) | 367 (25.1) | 9,233 (44.1) |
| 50–59 | 614 (34.7) | 900 (32.7) | 518 (35.4) | 5,772 (27.6) |
| ≥ 60 | 339 (19.2) | 1,163 (42.3) | 578 (39.5) | 5,940 (28.4) |
| Highest education level, years | ||||
| < 12 | 735 (41.6) | 1,357 (49.4) | 718 (49.1) | 8,197 (39.1) |
| 12 | 570 (32.2) | 809 (29.4) | 422 (28.8) | 7,090 (33.9) |
| ≥ 12 | 464 (26.2) | 584 (21.2) | 323 (22.1) | 5,655 (27.0) |
| Unknown | 3 | |||
| Household income in last year | ||||
| < $15,000 | 1,356 (77.2) | 2,167 (79.5) | 1,160 (80.0) | 15,115 (72.9) |
| $15,000-$25,000 | 291 (16.6) | 405 (14.9) | 201 (13.9) | 3,902 (18.8) |
| > $25,000 | 109 (6.2) | 154 (5.7) | 89 (6.1) | 1,722 (8.3) |
| Unknown | 256 | |||
| Smoking status at cohort entry | ||||
| Current | 897 (50.8) | 1,364 (49.6) | 818 (55.9) | 8,243 (39.4) |
| Former | 417 (23.6) | 796 (29.0) | 482 (33.0) | 4,736 (22.6) |
| Never | 453 (25.6) | 589 (21.4) | 163 (11.1) | 7,944 (38.0) |
| Unknown | 25 | |||
| Median (IQR) smoking pack-years* | 22.0 (10.0–38.0) | 25.0 (11.9–44.0) | 34.5 (17.5–55.5) | 16.0 (7.0–30.0) |
| Min | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Max | 225.0 | 260.0 | 279.5 | 470.0 |
| Unknown | 252 | |||
| Asthma | ||||
| Yes | 662 (37.6) | 960 (35.0) | 767 (52.7) | 2,720 (13.0) |
| No | 1,099 (62.4) | 1,784 (65.0) | 688 (47.3) | 18,219 (87.0) |
| Unknown | 28 | |||
| Heart attack/bypass surgery | ||||
| Yes | 198 (11.2) | 548 (20.0) | 322 (22.0) | 1,853 (8.9) |
| No | 1,567 (88.8) | 2,196 (80.0) | 1,139 (78.0) | 19,070 (91.1) |
| Unknown | 34 | |||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 481 (27.3) | 929 (33.8) | 498 (34.0) | 5,816 (27.8) |
| No | 1,284 (72.8) | 1,821 (66.2) | 965 (66.0) | 15,121 (72.2) |
| Unknown | 12 | |||
| Depression | ||||
| Yes | 920 (52.1) | 963 (35.0) | 751 (51.4) | 6,330 (30.2) |
| No | 846 (47.9) | 1,785 (65.0) | 710 (48.6) | 14,601 (69.8) |
| Unknown | 21 | |||
| Comorbidity count † | ||||
| 0 | 382 (21.8) | 717 (26.2) | 190 (13.1) | 8,900 (42.6) |
| 1 | 681 (38.9) | 996 (36.4) | 504 (34.7) | 8,103 (38.8) |
| 2 | 523 (29.9) | 709 (25.9) | 489 (33.7) | 3,169 (15.2) |
| 3 or 4 | 164 (9.4) | 314 (11.5) | 268 (18.5) | 723 (3.5) |
| Unknown | 95 | |||
| Median CESD-10 Score § (IQR) | 12.0 (7.0–17.0) | 9.0 (5.0–14.0) | 11.0 (7.0–17.0) | 9.0 (5.0–13.0) |
| Unknown | 148 | |||
*Among current and former smokers
†Comorbidities included asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression
§Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 derived score. Score calculated only for participants responding to all 10 questions.
IQR = Interquartile range.