Table 4. All-cause and lung cancer mortality hazard ratios according to COPD status at cohort entry stratified by race and sex.
| White Women (N = 4,890) | Black Women (N = 12,450) | White Men (N = 2,430) | Black Men (N = 6,295) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| All-cause mortality | |||||||||
| COPD diagnosis | |||||||||
| None | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | |
| Self-reported | 0.93 | (0.67–1.30) | 0.84 | (0.66–1.06) | 1.10 | (0.74–1.65) | 0.89 | (0.65–1.21) | |
| CMS | 1.85 | (1.48–2.30) | 1.66 | (1.41–1.96) | 1.75 | (1.40–2.18) | 1.54 | (1.33–1.79) | |
| Self-report and CMS | 2.17 | (1.73–2.72) | 1.74 | (1.38–2.20) | 1.64 | (1.26–2.14) | 1.64 | (1.30–2.06) | |
| Lung cancer mortality | |||||||||
| COPD diagnosis | |||||||||
| None | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | |
| Self-reported | 1.60 | (0.64–4.02) | 0.73 | (0.26–2.03) | 0.61 | (0.08–4.68) | 1.37 | (0.55–3.44) | |
| CMS | 2.52 | (1.29–4.90) | 2.44 | (1.37–4.35) | 2.39 | (1.11–5.13) | 1.76 | (1.10–2.82) | |
| Self-report and CMS | 2.65 | (1.35–5.21) | 2.74 | (1.22–6.13) | 2.70 | (1.20–6.12) | 2.81 | (1.48–5.36) | |
HR = Hazard Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; Models are adjusted for coverage time on Medicare or Medicaid, race, income, education, smoking, BMI, CESD-10 score, and comorbidity count. A total of 862 individuals were missing covariates resulting in 26,065 individuals.