Table 1.

Summary of demographics

	All women in study (n=251)					Women with no other drug use (n=119)
	Any MA use during pregnancy n=144		No MA use during pregnancy n=107			Only MA use during pregnancy n=60		No drug use during pregnancy n=59
	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	p-value	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	p-value
Maternal Age (years)	28.6 ± 6.1	(16–45)	28.4 ± 6.1	(14–41)	0.65	28.4 ± 6.7	(16–45)	29.1 ± 5.5	(18–41)	0.52
Gravidity	4.9 ± 3	(1–12)	3.5 ± 2.5	(1–15)	<0.0001	4.8 ± 3.5	(1–15)	3.6 ± 2.5	(1–15)	0.02
Parity	2.5 ± 2.1	(0–9)	1.5 ± 1.6	(0–6)	<0.0001	2.2 ± 2.2	(0–8)	1.7 ± 1.7	(0–6)	0.16
Aborta	1.4 ± 2.1	(0–12)	1.1 ± 1.7	(0–11)	0.12	1.6 ± 2.3	(0–12)	0.9 ± 1.1	(0–11)	0.08
Primary Ethnicity n=239 *	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%	p-value
Caucasian	27	20.1	44	41.9	0.0004	14	25.0	18	31.6	0.57
NH/OPI	76	56.7	34	32.3	0.0003	30	53.6	22	38.6	0.16
Asian	10	7.5	15	14.2	0.17	4	7.1	9	15.8	0.15
Filipina	8	6.0	4	3.8	0.65	3	5.4	3	5.3	1.00
African American	4	3.0	3	2.9	1.00	2	3.6	2	3.5	1.00
Hispanic	7	5.0	5	4.8	1.00	2	3.6	3	5.3	1.00
Other substance use	n	%	n	%	p-value	n	%	n	%	p-value
Smoker (any during pregnancy) n=241	124	89.9	80	77.7	0.01	54	91.5	39	72.2	0.01
Alcohol n=233	18	14.0	13	12.5	0.75	0	0	0	0	NA
Cocaine n=238	6	4.5	5	4.8	0.93	0	0	0	0	NA
Heroin n=251	6	4.2	2	1.9	0.47	0	0	0	0	NA
Marijuana n=239	44	32.6	16	15.4	0.002	0	0	0	0	NA
Other opioid use n=233	9	6.3.	21	19.4	0.002	0	0	0	0	NA
Co-occurring mental health disorders	n	%	n	%	p-value	n	%	n	%	p-value
Mood disorder n=246	64	45.1	41	39.1	0.38	32	53.3	21	36.2	0.06
Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective n=245	8	5.6	0	0	0.02	3	5.0	0	0	0.24
PTSD n=245	26	18.3	11	10.68	0.09	15	25.0	6	10.5	0.04
Any co-occurring disorder n=246	72	50.7	44	42.3	0.19	35	59.3	25	42.4	0.06

NH/OPI=native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander

^*50% of women in the study were more than one ethnicity.

Mood disorder=depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder.

PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder

n and percentages may differ because of missing values