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F. placidus grown in medium with benzoate (0.5 mM) provided as an electron donor and insoluble Fe(III) oxides entrapped in alginate beads provided as the electron acceptor. As a control, 50 μM anthraquinone 2,6,-disulfonate (AQDS) was added to the medium and served as a shuttle for Fe(III) reduction. ■, Fe(III) oxide; ●, Fe(III) oxide plus AQDS; ☐, cells, no donor; ○, donor, no cells.
