ESS recovery rate as virulence is increased when physiological costs are facultative (a) versus constitutive (b), and when mortality IP costs are not present (black lines) or depend on the interaction between recovery and exploitation (grey dashed lines). Other parameter values were (b = 1.0, μ = 0.8, λ = 0.2, γ = 0.75, ϕ0 = ϕ3 = 1.0).