Table 3.
Cox proportional regression model for risk of HIV infection or death at 3 months
| Variable | HIV-infection or Death N (%) | Univariate analysis p-value | Multivariate aHR (95%CI) | analysis p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of feeding | ||||
| EBF (Ref) | 3 (20.0) | |||
| EBMS | 3 (20.0) | 0.209 | 0.368 (0.059 - 2.305) | 0.286 |
| MF | 9 (60.0) | 0.000 | 44.12 (5.574 - 349.214) | 0.000 |
| Birth weight (grams) | ||||
| ≥2500 (Ref) | 15 (100.0) | |||
| ˂2500 | 0 (0.0) | 0.402 | 0.000 (0.000 - 0.000) | 0.982 |
| Gestational age | ||||
| (weeks) | ||||
| ≥37 (Ref) | 11 (78.3) | |||
| ˂37 | 4 (26.7) | 0.000 | 17.00 (1.817 – 159.083) | 0.013 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| ELE C/S (Ref) | 2 (13.3) | |||
| Vaginal | 12 (80.0) | 0.000 | 0.023 (0.000 – 1.271) | 0.065 |
| EME C/S | 1 (6.7) | 0.043 | 0.083 (0.001 – 7.157) | 0.273 |
| ROM | ||||
| NO ROM (Ref) | 2 (13.3) | |||
| ˂4 hours | 11 (73.3) | 0.000 | 0.962 (0.085 – 10.835) | 0.975 |
| ≥4 hours | 2 (13.3) | 0.029 | NA | NA |
| Vaginal tear | ||||
| No (Ref) | 8 (53.3) | |||
| Yes | 7 (46.7) | 0.031 | 2.309 (0.604 – 8.832) | 0.221 |
| Oral thrush | ||||
| No (Ref) | 14 (93.3) | |||
| Yes | 1 (6.7) | 0.0231 | 0.034 (0.000 – 2.952) | 0.137 |
| Oral sores | ||||
| No (Ref) | 15 (100.0) | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0.719 | 0.000 (0.000 – 0.000) | 0.990 |
| Mothers’ age group in years | ||||
| 15-24 (Ref) | ||||
| 25-34 | 1 (6.7) | |||
| 35-39 | 10 (66.7) | 0.319 | NA | NA |
| ≥40 | 3 (20.0) | 0.178 | ||
| 1 (6.7) | 0.155 | |||
| *Mothers’ CD4 count (Cells/mm3) | ||||
| ≥500 (Ref) | 3 (21.4) | |||
| ˂200 | 3 (21.4) | 0.329 | 1.592 (0.295 – 8.588) | 0.588 |
| 200-349 | 2 (14.3) | 0.499 | 0.359 (0.055 – 2.355) | 0.286 |
| 350-499 | 6 (42.9) | 0.093 | 0.139 (0.020 – 0.964) | 0.046 |
| *Mothers’ viral load (Copies/ml) | ||||
| ˂1000 (Ref) | 7 (50.0) | |||
| 1000-9999 | 2 (14.3) | 0.998 | 1.421 (0.233 – 8.669) | 0.703 |
| 10,000-99,999 | 5 (35.7) | 0.004 | 10.68 (1.559 – 73.174) | 0.016 |
| ≥100,000 | 0 (0.0) | 0.981 | 0.000 (0.000 – 0.000) | 0.994 |
| PMTCT intervention in the mother | ||||
| HAART | 3 (20.0) | |||
| ARV | 12 (80.0) | 0.036 | 0.639 (0.068 – 6.010) | 0.695 |
| *Mothers’ hemoglobin | ||||
| ≥10 g/dl (Ref) | 3 (20.0) | |||
| ˂10 g/dl | 12 (80.0) | 0.570 | NA | NA |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 (Ref) | 3 (20.0) | |||
| 2-4 | 9 (60.0) | 0.075 | 3.107 (0.628 – 15.369) | 0.165 |
| ≥5 | 3 (20.0) | 0.056 | 4.378 (0.415 – 46.155) | 0.219 |
| Breast problems reported or diagnosed at any time between birth and the 3rd month | ||||
| No (Ref) | 14 (93.3) | |||
| Yes | 1 (6.7) | 0.311 | 16.365 (1.359 – 197.091) | 0.028 |
| Mothers’ vital status at 3rd month | ||||
| Alive (Ref) | 15 (100.0) | |||
| Dead | 0 (0.0) | 0.814 | 0.000 (0.000 – 0.000) | 0.997 |
| Mothers’ level of education | ||||
| Some (Ref) | 10 (66.7) | |||
| None | 5 33.3 | 0.274 | NA | NA |
| Mothers’ marital status | ||||
| With a partner (Ref) | 13 (86.7) | 0.167 | NA | NA |
| Without a partner | 3 (13.3) | |||
| Mothers/Family monthly income Minimum wage and above (Ref) | ||||
| Below minimum | 1 (6.7) | |||
| wage (~105 USD) | 14 (93.3) | 0.150 | NA | NA |
Legends: Ref = reference variable; EME C/S = emergency caesarean section; ELE C/S = elective caesarean section; EBF = exclusive breast feeding; EBMS = exclusive breast milk substitute feeding; MF = mixed feeding; ROM = rupture of membrane; PMTCT = prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; ARVs = antiretroviral prophylaxis; USD = United States dollars; * = pre-delivery values; NA = not available.