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. 2015 Mar 27;9:23. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00023

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Copyright © 2015 Parent, Amarante, Liu, Weikum and Laubach.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Reward contrast effects were revealed by testing rats with only one level of sucrose in a given behavioral session. Contrast effects were apparent both in terms of lick counts and the average duration of licking bouts. (A) Negative contrast was evident as rats (N = 24) consumed more of the low value solution when it was presented alone compared to the standard sessions with alternating access to the two levels of sucrose. (B) Positive contrast was evident as rats (N = 20) consumed less of the high value solution when it was presented alone compared to the sessions with alternating access to the two levels of sucrose.